{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2181602013","doi":null,"title":"The return of schooling: a review of estimates with tests for publication bias, trends, data and estimation methods","display_name":"The return of schooling: a review of estimates with tests for publication bias, trends, data and estimation methods","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2181602013","mag":"2181602013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2181602013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://perso.univ-lemans.fr/~guillot/papiers/ygmt.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058600637","display_name":"Yves Guillotin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yves Guillotin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026684372","display_name":"Mouloud Tensaout","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mouloud Tensaout","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-education","display_name":"returns to education","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-functions","display_name":"earnings functions","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-bias","display_name":"publication bias","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-methods","display_name":"estimation methods","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.7714604139328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.7203859090805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5173551440238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86637286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317264","display_name":"Rate of return","level":2,"score":0.47972244024276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4730726182460785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4613305330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4423365294933319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780439572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364","display_name":"Publication bias","level":3,"score":0.43311044573783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75917345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725298","display_name":"Sampling bias","level":3,"score":0.4233067035675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3128323554992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.2919851541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16242429614067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0922134518623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07022351026535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2181602013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://perso.univ-lemans.fr/~guillot/papiers/ygmt.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69624557","https://openalex.org/W641642430","https://openalex.org/W1525375198","https://openalex.org/W1528647958","https://openalex.org/W1538443123","https://openalex.org/W1542245260","https://openalex.org/W1607281426","https://openalex.org/W1993841510","https://openalex.org/W1994619981","https://openalex.org/W1999649023","https://openalex.org/W2016422302","https://openalex.org/W2028534507","https://openalex.org/W2034562813","https://openalex.org/W2038140198","https://openalex.org/W2050931047","https://openalex.org/W2051711058","https://openalex.org/W2052372218","https://openalex.org/W2053122718","https://openalex.org/W2075144277","https://openalex.org/W2087875612","https://openalex.org/W2103026252","https://openalex.org/W2109126892","https://openalex.org/W2114878153","https://openalex.org/W2122092072","https://openalex.org/W2128930369","https://openalex.org/W2725889512","https://openalex.org/W2891018837","https://openalex.org/W3125960104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123785997","https://openalex.org/W2528466111","https://openalex.org/W583209146","https://openalex.org/W2104274367","https://openalex.org/W6991016876","https://openalex.org/W2016422302","https://openalex.org/W7100788135","https://openalex.org/W2134546412","https://openalex.org/W6990945510","https://openalex.org/W2256990892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,66,128],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,49,68],"provide":[4],"an":[5],"analytical":[6],"review":[7],"of":[8,11,14,32,54,65,78,95,114],"previous":[9],"estimates":[10,25,59],"the":[12,30,58,93,112,115],"rate":[13],"return":[15],"on":[16],"schooling":[17],"investments":[18],"in":[19,57,72,80,109],"France":[20,110],"and":[21,34,42,117],"measure":[22],"how":[23],"these":[24],"vary":[26],"over":[27],"time,":[28],"with":[29],"nature":[31],"data":[33],"by":[35],"estimation":[36,73],"methods.":[37],"According":[38],"to":[39,85],"Ashenfelter":[40],"Harmon":[41],"Oosterbeek":[43],"(1999)":[44],"approach":[45],"(denoted":[46],"below":[47],"AHO),":[48],"do":[50],"not":[51],"find":[52,69,102],"evidence":[53],"reporting":[55],"bias":[56],"and,":[60],"after":[61],"taking":[62],"due":[63],"account":[64,89],"bias,":[67],"that":[70,103],"differences":[71],"methods":[74],"still":[75],"exist.":[76],"Differences":[77],"specification":[79],"earning":[81],"functions":[82],"have":[83,106],"also":[84,101],"be":[86],"taken":[87],"into":[88],"as":[90,92,123],"well":[91],"composition":[94],"sample":[96],"(male/female,":[97],"public/private":[98],"sector).":[99],"We":[100],"estimated":[104],"returns":[105],"been":[107],"decreasing":[108],"since":[111],"end":[113],"60\u2019":[116],"suggest":[118],"a":[119,124],"\u201cmeta":[120],"Phillips":[121],"curve\u201d":[122],"challenging":[125],"explanation":[126],"for":[127],"evolution.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}