{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2181443772","doi":null,"title":"EFFECT OF THERMAL HARDENING ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOUR OF TOMATO","display_name":"EFFECT OF THERMAL HARDENING ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOUR OF TOMATO","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2181443772","mag":"2181443772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jorscience.com:article/298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/view/298","pdf_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/download/298/271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051696","display_name":"Journal of Research (Science)","issn_l":"1021-1012","issn":["1021-1012","3007-1968"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319301","host_organization_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bahauddin Zakariya University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1021-1012","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/download/298/271","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108229931","display_name":"Aamir Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0648-1991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0648-1991","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-2346"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-2346","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101815340","display_name":"Muhammad Amjad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-8908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-8908"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Amjad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-8908","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678084","display_name":"Javed Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-6140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-6140"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javed Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-6140","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato","display_name":"tomato","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-hardening","display_name":"thermal hardening","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination","display_name":"seed germination","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-vigor","display_name":"seedling vigor","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-heat-treatment","display_name":"dry heat treatment","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chilling-treatment","display_name":"chilling treatment","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-dormancy","display_name":"seed dormancy","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivar-differences","display_name":"cultivar differences","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.9345465898513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.840528130531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018159618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309592","display_name":"Dry heat","level":2,"score":0.8200386166572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.649423360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.6359705924987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.6132270693778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.601068377494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44255700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978423","display_name":"Hardening (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5349506139755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985831756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107291880","display_name":"Maximum temperature","level":2,"score":0.4343659281730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.42160043120384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3346569836139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3183789849281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24312999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jorscience.com:article/298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/view/298","pdf_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/download/298/271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051696","display_name":"Journal of Research (Science)","issn_l":"1021-1012","issn":["1021-1012","3007-1968"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319301","host_organization_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bahauddin Zakariya University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1021-1012","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2181443772","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.bzu.edu.pk/jrscience/vol20-21/05.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jorscience.com:article/298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/view/298","pdf_url":"https://jorscience.com/index.php/JRS/article/download/298/271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407051696","display_name":"Journal of Research (Science)","issn_l":"1021-1012","issn":["1021-1012","3007-1968"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319301","host_organization_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bahauddin Zakariya University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1021-1012","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2181443772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2181443772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119104859","https://openalex.org/W155162088","https://openalex.org/W229409558","https://openalex.org/W1608737422","https://openalex.org/W2034461173","https://openalex.org/W2062537866","https://openalex.org/W2069551150","https://openalex.org/W2077527417","https://openalex.org/W2123675504","https://openalex.org/W2180212572","https://openalex.org/W2185987058","https://openalex.org/W2280675074","https://openalex.org/W2284626816","https://openalex.org/W2460190996","https://openalex.org/W2540049575","https://openalex.org/W2910363742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962637029","https://openalex.org/W1984491348","https://openalex.org/W7084450721","https://openalex.org/W2049593221","https://openalex.org/W2017762618","https://openalex.org/W2396881578","https://openalex.org/W1488445878","https://openalex.org/W2589392508","https://openalex.org/W1974056829","https://openalex.org/W2189377353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58],"study":[1],"was":[2,92,137],"carried":[3],"out":[4],"to":[5,113,147],"investigate":[6],"the":[7,50,76],"effects":[8],"of":[9,17,52,68,78,96,134],"thermal":[10],"hardening":[11],"on":[12],"germination":[13,64,90],"and":[14,23,30,123,127],"seedling":[15],"growth":[16],"two":[18],"tomato":[19],"cultivars":[20,60],"i.e.":[21],"Nagina":[22,144],"Pakit.":[24,148],"Dry":[25,104],"heat":[26,70,105,141],"treatment":[27,46,71,106,142],"i.e":[28],"50\u00b0C":[29,74,108],"chilling":[31,82],"(\u201319\u00b0C),":[32],"Chilling":[33,36,43,99],"+":[34,37,39,42,44,98,100],"Heating,":[35],"Heating":[38,41,45,97,101],"Chilling,":[40],"each":[47],"applied":[48,72],"for":[49,75,85,102],"period":[51,77],"24h":[53,79],"along":[54],"with":[55],"a":[56],"control.":[57],"both":[59],"responded":[61],"maximum":[62],"final":[63,89],"percentage":[65,91],"in":[66,94,139,143],"case":[67,95],"dry":[69,128,140],"at":[73,83,107],"followed":[80],"by":[81],"-19\u00b0C":[84],"24h,":[86],"while":[87],"minimum":[88,132],"recorded":[93,138],"24h.":[103],"significantly":[109],"reduced":[110],"time":[111],"taken":[112],"50%":[114],"germination.":[115],"Whereas":[116],"it":[117],"also":[118],"gave":[119],"more":[120],"GI,":[121],"root":[122],"shoot":[124],"length,":[125],"fresh":[126],"weight,":[129],"where":[130],"as":[131,145],"EC":[133],"seed":[135],"leachates":[136],"compared":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}