{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2179976441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","title":"Air/Liquid Interfaces And Adsorbed Molecular Monolayers Studied With Nonlinear Optical Techniques","display_name":"Air/Liquid Interfaces And Adsorbed Molecular Monolayers Studied With Nonlinear Optical Techniques","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2179976441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","mag":"2179976441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78690241","display_name":"Annual Review of Materials Science","issn_l":"0084-6600","issn":["0084-6600","2375-0308"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040449994","display_name":"Viola Vogel B","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-7671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-7671"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Vogel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070371331","display_name":"Y. Ron Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-2765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-2765"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y R Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89589571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"515","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11177","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11177","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10721","display_name":"Surfactants and Colloidal Systems","score":0.1907999962568283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-liquid-interface","display_name":"air-liquid interface","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-spectroscopy","display_name":"nonlinear spectroscopy","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium","display_name":"gallium","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-metals","display_name":"liquid metals","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-tension","display_name":"surface tension","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-liquid-interface","display_name":"liquid-liquid interface","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8892853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749","display_name":"Surface tension","level":2,"score":0.8497456312179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7733815312385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550372918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861","display_name":"Gallium","level":2,"score":0.7558661699295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7070889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902488","display_name":"Monolayer","level":2,"score":0.712855875492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.6163083910942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.5841217637062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778492893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6557453","display_name":"Liquid metal","level":2,"score":0.5575992465019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19184958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661322","display_name":"Vapor pressure","level":2,"score":0.5111261010169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991936344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optical","level":3,"score":0.5011670589447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.4643438458442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101677414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81809","display_name":"Surface pressure","level":2,"score":0.4176121652126312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.40733641386032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.3586772382259369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3331584334373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32830625772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2894911766052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.2629839777946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2507335841655731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.18422141671180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.11634558439254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09690943360328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.21.1.515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78690241","display_name":"Annual Review of Materials Science","issn_l":"0084-6600","issn":["0084-6600","2375-0308"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.ms.21.080191.002503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.21.080191.002503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.21.080191.002503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78690241","display_name":"Annual Review of Materials Science","issn_l":"0084-6600","issn":["0084-6600","2375-0308"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Materials Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128570282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2175027214","https://openalex.org/W2132534233","https://openalex.org/W618027997","https://openalex.org/W4247267244","https://openalex.org/W4230833601","https://openalex.org/W4247572344","https://openalex.org/W2175012187","https://openalex.org/W1976102829","https://openalex.org/W2174569881","https://openalex.org/W2173867670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gallium":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,18,25],"metal":[3],"that":[4],"literally":[5],"melts":[6],"in":[7],"your":[8],"hand.":[9],"It":[10],"has":[11],"low":[12],"toxicity,":[13],"near-zero":[14],"vapor":[15],"pressure,":[16],"and":[17],"viscosity":[19],"similar":[20],"to":[21],"water.":[22],"Despite":[23],"possessing":[24],"surface":[26],"tension":[27],"larger":[28],"than":[29],"any":[30],"other":[31],"liquid":[32],"(near":[33],"room":[34],"temperature),":[35],"gallium":[36],"can":[37],"form":[38],"nonspherical":[39],"...Read":[40],"More":[41]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}