{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2179558656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","title":"The Determinants Of Capital Flight: Evidence From MENA Countries","display_name":"The Determinants Of Capital Flight: Evidence From MENA Countries","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2179558656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","mag":"2179558656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/IBER/article/download/6666/6741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736813639","display_name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","issn_l":"1535-0754","issn":["1535-0754","2157-9393"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/IBER/article/download/6666/6741","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112281009","display_name":"Nedal A. Al\u2010Fayoumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0627-2149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0627-2149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nedal A. Al-Fayoumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028194201","display_name":"Marwan Alzoubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-3473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-3473"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwan S. AlZoubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Bank of Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Bank of Jordan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090996633","display_name":"Bana M. Abuzayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-0911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-0911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230091363","display_name":"German Jordanian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgpyd84","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bana M. Abuzayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["The German Jordanian University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The German Jordanian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1856,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87486404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-flight","display_name":"capital flight","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-capital-flight","display_name":"determinants of capital flight","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-debt","display_name":"external debt","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-gdp-growth","display_name":"real GDP growth","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty","display_name":"uncertainty","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-policy","display_name":"macroeconomic policy","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east-and-north-africa","display_name":"Middle East and North Africa","score":0.7680000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777657794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3656849","display_name":"Capital flight","level":3,"score":0.8809304237365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7143887877464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.6129854321479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.6047110557556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.5608322024345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.524511456489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44171179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461319","display_name":"External debt","level":3,"score":0.5171082019805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991741723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8137","display_name":"Capital flows","level":3,"score":0.5021812915802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.48820191621780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.4824386537075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75778745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342626","display_name":"Lag","level":2,"score":0.461581289768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.454904168844223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.43772587180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.43404120206832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.43015554547309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3917972147464752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1465418040752411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.07619822025299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/IBER/article/download/6666/6741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736813639","display_name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","issn_l":"1535-0754","issn":["1535-0754","2157-9393"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6666","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/IBER/article/download/6666/6741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736813639","display_name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","issn_l":"1535-0754","issn":["1535-0754","2157-9393"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2179558656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2179558656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497144375","https://openalex.org/W1516024852","https://openalex.org/W1552104865","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1969985193","https://openalex.org/W1979336362","https://openalex.org/W1983887453","https://openalex.org/W1985351124","https://openalex.org/W1997665043","https://openalex.org/W2019293134","https://openalex.org/W2023007560","https://openalex.org/W2024885655","https://openalex.org/W2025178263","https://openalex.org/W2034704715","https://openalex.org/W2042754514","https://openalex.org/W2045917148","https://openalex.org/W2068083143","https://openalex.org/W2076551855","https://openalex.org/W2095686117","https://openalex.org/W2118001799","https://openalex.org/W2120738540","https://openalex.org/W2128280177","https://openalex.org/W2149194065","https://openalex.org/W2151872635","https://openalex.org/W2172295528","https://openalex.org/W3121606806","https://openalex.org/W3122123878","https://openalex.org/W3122187297","https://openalex.org/W3122284146","https://openalex.org/W4237436224","https://openalex.org/W4312662638","https://openalex.org/W6677533605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W30857295","https://openalex.org/W3112938770","https://openalex.org/W3159750644","https://openalex.org/W2128280177","https://openalex.org/W4388848677","https://openalex.org/W4226201582","https://openalex.org/W7112700611","https://openalex.org/W2738112368","https://openalex.org/W2922032335","https://openalex.org/W4417236544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,76],"examines":[2],"the":[3,18,47,75],"determinants":[4],"of":[5,20],"capital":[6,48,58,100],"flight":[7,49],"in":[8,50,80,96],"seven":[9],"Middle":[10],"East":[11],"and":[12,37,69,89,93],"North":[13],"Africa":[14],"(MENA)":[15],"countries":[16,52,82],"during":[17],"period":[19],"1981-2008.":[21],"The":[22,42],"results":[23],"are":[24],"robust":[25],"to":[26,98],"four":[27],"econometrics":[28],"techniques:":[29],"Ordinary":[30],"least":[31],"Squares,":[32],"Fixed":[33],"effects,":[34],"Random":[35],"Effects,":[36],"Seemingly":[38],"Unrelated":[39],"Regression":[40],"Model.":[41],"empirical":[43],"findings":[44],"indicate":[45],"that":[46,78],"MENA":[51],"is":[53],"driven":[54],"mainly":[55],"by":[56],"lag":[57],"flight,":[59],"external":[60,86],"debt,":[61],"foreign":[62],"direct":[63],"investment,":[64],"real":[65],"GDP":[66],"growth":[67],"rate":[68],"uncertainty.":[70],"Based":[71],"on":[72],"these":[73,81],"results,":[74],"recommends":[77],"governments":[79],"should":[83],"manage":[84],"their":[85,91],"debt":[87],"efficiently,":[88],"stabilize":[90],"monetary":[92],"macroeconomic":[94],"policies":[95],"order":[97],"staunch":[99],"flight.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}