{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2179530293","doi":null,"title":"Why mother's milk is best.","display_name":"Why mother's milk is best.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2179530293","mag":"2179530293","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12287501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12287501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12287501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Africa women & health : a Safe Motherhood magazine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110123621","display_name":"Regis Choto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R G Choto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110123621"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19952963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-milk","display_name":"breast milk","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-formula","display_name":"infant formula","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-milk-substitutes","display_name":"breast milk substitutes","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-feeding","display_name":"infant feeding","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infantile-botulism","display_name":"infantile botulism","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyponatremia","display_name":"hyponatremia","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypocalcemia","display_name":"hypocalcemia","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-diarrhea","display_name":"infectious diarrhea","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colostrum","display_name":"colostrum","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-immunization","display_name":"infant immunization","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementary-foods","display_name":"complementary foods","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-formula-advertising","display_name":"infant formula advertising","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-formula-regulation","display_name":"infant formula regulation","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-spacing","display_name":"child spacing","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bovine-tuberculosis","display_name":"bovine tuberculosis","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775871700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22728","display_name":"Breast milk","level":2,"score":0.6307821869850159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5898907780647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.546498715877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779073587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192746","display_name":"Colostrum","level":3,"score":0.5092347860336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.462749719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3785894513130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.12309536337852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11296325922012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000329","descriptor_name":"Advertising","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001903","descriptor_name":"Bottle Feeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001942","descriptor_name":"Breast Feeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004467","descriptor_name":"Economics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006262","descriptor_name":"Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006920","descriptor_name":"Hygiene","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007227","descriptor_name":"Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008389","descriptor_name":"Marketing of Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009747","descriptor_name":"Nutritional Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014886","descriptor_name":"Weaning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12287501","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12287501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Africa women & health : a Safe Motherhood magazine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2179530293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12287501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1151563027","https://openalex.org/W2215913986","https://openalex.org/W4390516129","https://openalex.org/W2292574015","https://openalex.org/W2276659443","https://openalex.org/W1992492531","https://openalex.org/W3164901654","https://openalex.org/W2350379238","https://openalex.org/W2279918116","https://openalex.org/W2032449678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0,132],"milk":[1,9,133,218],"substitutes":[2,194],"made":[3],"of":[4,27,29,37,44,62,83,87,164,171,223,234,254],"water,":[5],"porridge,":[6],"or":[7,34],"animal":[8],"were":[10,72],"given":[11],"to":[12,20,58,124,152,181,190],"babies":[13],"only":[14],"as":[15,147,149],"a":[16,136,231,244],"life-saving":[17],"effort":[18],"prior":[19],"World":[21,77],"War":[22],"II,":[23],"in":[24,54,75,203],"the":[25,35,38,41,45,55,60,65,100,142,220,248],"event":[26],"lack":[28],"mother's":[30],"milk,":[31],"breast":[32],"infection":[33],"death":[36],"mother.":[39],"In":[40],"post-war":[42],"era":[43],"early":[46],"1950's,":[47],"improperly":[48],"constituted":[49],"infant":[50],"formulas":[51,157],"became":[52,80],"prevalent":[53],"industrialized":[56],"world":[57],"allow":[59],"release":[61],"women":[63],"into":[64],"work":[66],"force.":[67],"Advertising":[68],"and":[69,90,110,118,126,206,225,237,252],"marketing":[70],"techniques":[71],"also":[73,229],"launched":[74],"Third":[76],"countries,":[78],"which":[79,121],"easy":[81],"victims":[82],"this":[84,160],"ploy":[85],"because":[86],"ignorance,":[88],"poverty,":[89],"inadequate":[91],"sanitation.":[92],"Medical":[93],"consequences":[94],"include":[95],"infections":[96],"from":[97,113,128],"contamination":[98],"at":[99],"source":[101],"(infantile":[102],"botulism);":[103],"hyponatremia,":[104],"hypocalcaemia,":[105],"with":[106,116,219],"poor":[107],"muscle,":[108],"heart,":[109],"brain":[111],"functioning,":[112],"over":[114],"dilution":[115],"water;":[117],"infectious":[119],"diarrhea,":[120],"can":[122],"lead":[123],"marasmus":[125],"kwashiorkor,":[127],"mixture":[129],"contaminated":[130],"water.":[131],"contains":[134],"colostrum,":[135],"supercharged":[137],"nutrient":[138],"that":[139,195],"ensures":[140],"meeting":[141],"infant's":[143],"immediate":[144],"energy":[145],"needs":[146],"well":[148],"providing":[150],"antibodies":[151],"most":[153],"childhood":[154],"diseases.":[155],"Infant":[156],"cannot":[158],"provide":[159],"protection.":[161],"The":[162,240],"introduction":[163],"weaning":[165],"foods":[166],"occurs":[167],"around":[168],"5-6":[169],"months":[170],"age,":[172],"when":[173],"local":[174],"foodstuffs":[175],"rather":[176],"than":[177],"commercial":[178],"supplements":[179],"ought":[180],"be":[182],"used.":[183],"However,":[184],"semi-literate":[185],"mothers":[186],"are":[187],"often":[188],"exposed":[189],"radio":[191],"advertising":[192],"about":[193],"overwhelm":[196],"them.":[197],"Their":[198],"infants":[199],"get":[200],"formula":[201],"diluted":[202],"unclean":[204],"water":[205],"unsuitable":[207],"solids":[208],"too":[209],"early.":[210],"They":[211],"will":[212],"eventually":[213],"live":[214],"on":[215,247],"fresh":[216],"cow's":[217],"attendant":[221],"problems":[222],"anemia":[224],"bovine":[226],"tuberculosis.":[227],"Breast-feeding":[228],"provides":[230],"practical":[232],"means":[233],"birth":[235],"control":[236],"child":[238],"spacing.":[239],"government":[241],"should":[242],"enact":[243],"national":[245],"code":[246],"manufacture,":[249],"nutritional":[250],"contents,":[251],"sale":[253],"these":[255],"substitutes.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
