{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2178797281","doi":null,"title":"Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): standardization and quantitation of results.","display_name":"Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): standardization and quantitation of results.","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2178797281","mag":"2178797281","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4085154","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1577485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:4085154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4085154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1577485/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032984839","display_name":"S. Loizou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Loizou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112718575","display_name":"J D McCrea","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J D McCrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040979769","display_name":"A C Rudge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A C Rudge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032359521","display_name":"Rosy Reynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4643-9556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4643-9556"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008290680","display_name":"C C Boyle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C C Boyle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060801631","display_name":"E. Nigel Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5701-5465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5701-5465"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E N Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.2875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":548,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9943101,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"3","first_page":"738","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11330","display_name":"Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticardiolipin-antibodies","display_name":"anticardiolipin antibodies","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elisa","display_name":"ELISA","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-antibody-sandwich-assay","display_name":"double-antibody sandwich assay","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg","display_name":"IgG","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igm","display_name":"IgM","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assay-standardization","display_name":"assay standardization","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration-curve","display_name":"calibration curve","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioimmunoassay-comparison","display_name":"radioimmunoassay comparison","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-lupus-erythematosus","display_name":"systemic lupus erythematosus","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seropositive-rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"seropositive rheumatoid arthritis","score":0.9810000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176685330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857638","display_name":"Radioimmunoassay","level":2,"score":0.666978657245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6219632029533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5959652066230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184112429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476174","display_name":"Serial dilution","level":3,"score":0.5187826156616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781302388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183453","display_name":"Cardiolipin","level":4,"score":0.5028199553489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.49383479356765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.47329822182655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.4702419638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160160445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24769688","display_name":"Alkaline phosphatase","level":3,"score":0.4277932941913605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.38013672828674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.36305633187294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3154405951499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.18597286939620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1715972125530243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0827360451221466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778918659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186915","display_name":"Phospholipid","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002308","descriptor_name":"Cardiolipins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003429","descriptor_name":"Cross Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004797","descriptor_name":"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007074","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin G","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007075","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin M","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008180","descriptor_name":"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011863","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunoassay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012015","descriptor_name":"Reference Standards","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:4085154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4085154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and experimental immunology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1577485","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1577485/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Exp Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2178797281","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4085154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1577485","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1577485/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clin Exp Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18520930","https://openalex.org/W71717086","https://openalex.org/W170573427","https://openalex.org/W194996653","https://openalex.org/W1930145556","https://openalex.org/W1986005339","https://openalex.org/W1992120066","https://openalex.org/W2029963304","https://openalex.org/W2046771483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318336979","https://openalex.org/W2152100242","https://openalex.org/W2025684665","https://openalex.org/W2053926445","https://openalex.org/W20439802","https://openalex.org/W2352629847","https://openalex.org/W1507631870","https://openalex.org/W7096139137","https://openalex.org/W2264721031","https://openalex.org/W1994749428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"the":[2,77,123,142,176,212],"development":[3],"of":[4,34,43,50,72,94,108,141,184,211,218,234],"a":[5,32,70,92,224],"simple":[6],"and":[7,20,100,148,165,178,187,199,226,231,238],"highly":[8],"sensitive":[9],"double":[10],"antibody":[11],"sandwich":[12],"enzyme-linked":[13],"immunosorbent":[14],"assay":[15,143],"(ELISA)":[16],"for":[17,62,79,104,163,168,181,215,229],"measuring":[18,182],"IgG":[19,86,119,164,186],"IgM":[21,88,188],"anticardiolipin":[22],"antibodies":[23],"(ACA).":[24],"Microtitre":[25],"plates":[26,51],"were":[27,74,136,151],"coated":[28],"with":[29,52,131,194,202,236],"cardiolipin":[30],"at":[31,69,91,126],"concentration":[33,93],"45":[35,200],"micrograms/ml":[36],"by":[37,48,121],"evaporation":[38],"under":[39],"nitrogen.":[40],"Non-specific":[41],"binding":[42],"diluted":[44],"sera":[45,66],"was":[46,97,110,157,173],"eliminated":[47],"blocking":[49],"10%":[53],"fetal":[54],"calf":[55],"serum":[56,134],"in":[57,76],"phosphate":[58],"buffered":[59],"saline":[60],"(PBS/FCS)":[61],"2":[63],"h.":[64,81],"Then":[65],"(100":[67,89],"microliters)":[68,90],"dilution":[71],"1:100":[73],"incubated":[75],"wells":[78],"1":[80,95,105],"Affinity":[82],"purified":[83],"goat":[84],"anti-human":[85],"or":[87],"microgram/ml":[96],"subsequently":[98],"added":[99],"allowed":[101],"to":[102,138],"incubate":[103],"h;":[106],"detection":[107],"ACA":[109,183,219],"achieved":[111],"using":[112],"an":[113],"alkaline":[114],"phosphatase":[115],"conjugated":[116],"rabbit":[117],"anti-goat":[118],"reagent":[120],"reading":[122],"colorimetric":[124],"yield":[125],"405":[127],"nm":[128],"after":[129],"incubation":[130],"substrate.":[132],"Reference":[133],"pools":[135],"established":[137],"study":[139],"reproducibility":[140],"throughout":[144],"its":[145],"sensitivity":[146],"range,":[147],"Standard":[149],"curves":[150],"established.":[152],"The":[153,209],"quantitative":[154,216],"normal":[155],"range":[156],"0-9.0":[158],"Anticardiolipin":[159],"ELISA":[160,177,213],"Units":[161],"(AEU)":[162,167],"0-8.0":[166],"IgM-ACA.":[169],"A":[170],"strong":[171],"correlation":[172],"found":[174],"between":[175],"radioimmunoassay":[179],"methods":[180],"both":[185],"classes.":[189],"Results":[190],"from":[191],"65":[192],"patients":[193,201,235],"systemic":[195],"lupus":[196],"erythematosus":[197],"(SLE)":[198],"seropositive":[203],"rheumatoid":[204],"arthritis":[205],"are":[206],"also":[207],"reported.":[208],"advantages":[210],"method":[214,228],"determination":[217],"levels,":[220],"should":[221],"make":[222],"it":[223],"useful":[225],"reliable":[227],"clinical":[230],"experimental":[232],"monitoring":[233],"SLE":[237],"associated":[239],"autoimmune":[240],"disorders.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
