{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2177926746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","title":"RECIPROCAL INTROGRESSION BETWEEN GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS (VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA) AND BLUE-WINGED WARBLERS (V. PINUS) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA","display_name":"RECIPROCAL INTROGRESSION BETWEEN GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLERS (VERMIVORA CHRYSOPTERA) AND BLUE-WINGED WARBLERS (V. PINUS) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2177926746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","mag":"2177926746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152904045","display_name":"The Auk","issn_l":"0004-8038","issn":["0004-8038","1938-4254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Auk","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084265098","display_name":"Leo H. Shapiro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113136","display_name":"National Zoological Park","ror":"https://ror.org/026etfb20","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I4210113136"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo H. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Genetics Lab, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. 20008, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Genetics Lab, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. 20008, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023632687","display_name":"Ronald A. Canterbury","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65571275","display_name":"Concord University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mwmfm08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65571275"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald A. Canterbury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Concord College, Athens, West Virginia 24712, USA","Southern West Virginia Bird Research Center, P.O. Box 72, Harper, West Virginia 25851, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Concord College, Athens, West Virginia 24712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65571275"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern West Virginia Bird Research Center, P.O. Box 72, Harper, West Virginia 25851, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059819068","display_name":"Dollie M. Stover","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dollie M. Stover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern West Virginia Bird Research Center, P.O. Box 72, Harper, West Virginia 25851, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern West Virginia Bird Research Center, P.O. Box 72, Harper, West Virginia 25851, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029144788","display_name":"Robert C. Fleischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-7055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-7055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113136","display_name":"National Zoological Park","ror":"https://ror.org/026etfb20","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I4210113136"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Fleischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Genetics Lab, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. 20008, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Genetics Lab, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. 20008, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113136"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82895721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"4","first_page":"1019","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/golden-winged-warbler","display_name":"golden-winged warbler","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-winged-warbler","display_name":"blue-winged warbler","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vermivora-chrysoptera","display_name":"Vermivora chrysoptera","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybridization","display_name":"hybridization","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-introgression","display_name":"mitochondrial introgression","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pine-invasion","display_name":"pine invasion","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline","display_name":"population decline","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neotropical-migrants","display_name":"Neotropical migrants","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-north-america","display_name":"eastern North America","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8182607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2094405","display_name":"Introgression","level":3,"score":0.6882249116897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5452805161476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777400135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3067559","display_name":"Warbler","level":3,"score":0.49002373218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910048773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924659","display_name":"Pinus <genus>","level":2,"score":0.41225147247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.32368630170822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30617445707321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.250282347202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.08955469727516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152904045","display_name":"The Auk","issn_l":"0004-8038","issn":["0004-8038","1938-4254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Auk","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1019:ribgwv]2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1019:ribgwv]2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1019:ribgwv]2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152904045","display_name":"The Auk","issn_l":"0004-8038","issn":["0004-8038","1938-4254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Auk","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1019:RIBGWV]2.0.CO;2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282004%29121%5B1019%3ARIBGWV%5D2.0.CO%3B2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.si.edu:10088/4411","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10088/4411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402600","display_name":"Smithsonian Digital Repository (Smithsonian Institution)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","host_organization_name":"Smithsonian Institution","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4390000104904175,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32525119","https://openalex.org/W52976431","https://openalex.org/W628541724","https://openalex.org/W2006041474","https://openalex.org/W2011488296","https://openalex.org/W2020549951","https://openalex.org/W2032296041","https://openalex.org/W2071235885","https://openalex.org/W2172370801","https://openalex.org/W2175218838","https://openalex.org/W2185289211","https://openalex.org/W2325882716","https://openalex.org/W2330997781","https://openalex.org/W2331140124","https://openalex.org/W2334908930","https://openalex.org/W2571633022","https://openalex.org/W2595753619","https://openalex.org/W2769478052","https://openalex.org/W2911544724","https://openalex.org/W4205923841","https://openalex.org/W4232825073","https://openalex.org/W4233803403","https://openalex.org/W4248527924","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6734441693","https://openalex.org/W6758598319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7028755460","https://openalex.org/W2004985825","https://openalex.org/W2330997781","https://openalex.org/W2151972845","https://openalex.org/W2266533828","https://openalex.org/W2579226933","https://openalex.org/W4249996480","https://openalex.org/W6967314473","https://openalex.org/W2029157761","https://openalex.org/W2718844444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Golden-winged":[1],"Warblers":[2,7],"(Vermivora":[3],"chrysoptera)":[4],"and":[5,61,104,153,161,175,186,193,218,236,256,277,294],"Blue-winged":[6],"(V.":[8],"pinus)":[9],"are":[10],"small,":[11],"brightly":[12],"colored":[13],"Neotropical":[14],"migrant":[15],"birds":[16,262],"that":[17,188,273],"breed":[18],"in":[19,65,80,142,296],"eastern":[20,297],"North":[21,298],"America.":[22,299],"Wherever":[23],"the":[24,66,82,148,266,269,287],"two":[25,181,270],"species":[26],"occur":[27],"together,":[28],"they":[29],"hybridize":[30],"to":[31,146,154,204,240,286],"a":[32,87,139,156],"limited":[33],"degree,":[34],"producing":[35],"distinctive":[36],"hybrid":[37],"phenotypes.":[38],"In":[39,86,196],"recent":[40],"decades,":[41],"chrysoptera":[42,194,216,224,293],"has":[43,78],"experienced":[44,190],"dramatic":[45],"population":[46,96],"declines":[47,54],"across":[48,180],"much":[49,231,264],"of":[50,63,84,94,109,123,150,201,210,212,221,223,244,265,268,290],"its":[51],"range.":[52],"Those":[53],"have":[55,189],"often":[56],"been":[57],"correlated":[58],"with":[59],"establishment":[60],"increase":[62],"pinus":[64,77,110,191,213,227,295],"same":[67],"areas,":[68],"but":[69],"it":[70],"remains":[71],"uncertain":[72],"what,":[73],"if":[74],"any,":[75],"role":[76],"played":[79],"driving":[81],"decline":[83],"chrysoptera.":[85,124],"first":[88],"attempt":[89],"at":[90],"molecular":[91],"genetic":[92,160,275],"analysis":[93],"chrysoptera-pinus":[95],"dynamics,":[97],"Gill":[98,126],"(1997)":[99,127],"reported":[100],"cryptic,":[101],"completely":[102],"asymmetric,":[103],"possibly":[105],"very":[106],"rapid":[107],"introgression":[108,200],"mitochondrial":[111,246],"DNA":[112],"(mtDNA)":[113],"into":[114],"chrysoptera,":[115],"causing":[116],"what":[117],"he":[118],"termed":[119],"\u201clocal":[120],"cytonuclear":[121],"extinction\u201d":[122],"As":[125],"noted,":[128],"however,":[129],"those":[130],"results":[131,249,276],"were":[132],"based":[133,253],"on":[134,254],"relatively":[135],"small":[136],"samples":[137,233],"from":[138,230,234,279],"single":[140],"area":[141,170],"Pennsylvania.":[143],"To":[144],"begin":[145],"investigate":[147],"generality":[149],"Gill\u2019s":[151],"findings":[152],"establish":[155],"baseline":[157],"for":[158,260],"long-term":[159],"ecological":[162],"studies,":[163],"we":[164,250],"intensively":[165],"sampled":[166,177],"one":[167],"new":[168],"study":[169],"(in":[171,184],"southern":[172,197],"West":[173,198],"Virginia)":[174],"also":[176,238],"more":[178],"broadly":[179,284],"other":[182],"areas":[183,289],"Michigan":[185,235],"Ohio)":[187],"invasions":[192],"declines.":[195],"Virginia,":[199],"mtDNA":[202,255],"appeared":[203],"be":[205,283],"roughly":[206],"symmetrical:":[207],"15%":[208],"(11":[209],"72)":[211],"phenotypes":[214,225],"possessed":[215,226],"mtDNA,":[217],"12%":[219],"(17":[220],"137)":[222],"mtDNA.":[228],"Results":[229],"smaller":[232],"Ohio":[237],"failed":[239],"show":[241],"any":[242],"evidence":[243],"asymmetric":[245],"introgression.":[247],"The":[248],"report":[251],"here,":[252],"plumage":[257],"phenotype":[258],"information":[259],"337":[261],"representing":[263],"range":[267],"species,":[271],"indicate":[272],"previous":[274],"inferences":[278],"Pennsylvania":[280],"may":[281],"not":[282],"applicable":[285],"many":[288],"contact":[291],"between":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}