{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2176984259","doi":null,"title":"The Social Transformation of Health Inequities: Understanding the Discourse on Health Disparities in the United States","display_name":"The Social Transformation of Health Inequities: Understanding the Discourse on Health Disparities in the United States","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2176984259","mag":"2176984259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:soc_etds-1005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/soc_etds/6","pdf_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=soc_etds","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196368","display_name":"UNM\u2019s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","host_organization_name":"University of New Mexico","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sociology ETDs","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=soc_etds","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049112610","display_name":"Sonia P. Bettez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sonia P. Bettez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049112610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7021,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72462797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.20280000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.07890000194311142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-health","display_name":"social construction of health","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hegemony","display_name":"hegemony","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-formation-theory","display_name":"racial formation theory","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-formation","display_name":"class formation","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinton-administration-health-policy","display_name":"Clinton administration health policy","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-health-reports","display_name":"government health reports","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-minorities","display_name":"racial and ethnic minorities","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-inequality","display_name":"structural inequality","score":0.859000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.6003350019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.52016282081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4484165906906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4162188470363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.41149765253067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2070692479610443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09400990605354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:soc_etds-1005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/soc_etds/6","pdf_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=soc_etds","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196368","display_name":"UNM\u2019s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","host_organization_name":"University of New Mexico","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sociology ETDs","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2176984259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.unm.edu/handle/1928/23084","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalrepository.unm.edu:soc_etds-1005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/soc_etds/6","pdf_url":"https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=soc_etds","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196368","display_name":"UNM\u2019s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","host_organization_name":"University of New Mexico","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sociology ETDs","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2176984259.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2176984259.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127043209","https://openalex.org/W136706976","https://openalex.org/W568414174","https://openalex.org/W569710718","https://openalex.org/W604972776","https://openalex.org/W623061634","https://openalex.org/W626617914","https://openalex.org/W636271510","https://openalex.org/W1526726627","https://openalex.org/W1541063200","https://openalex.org/W1554459242","https://openalex.org/W1555675111","https://openalex.org/W1559131556","https://openalex.org/W1564305378","https://openalex.org/W1614063638","https://openalex.org/W1643809570","https://openalex.org/W1684809301","https://openalex.org/W1828617744","https://openalex.org/W1883584938","https://openalex.org/W1921431031","https://openalex.org/W1927308485","https://openalex.org/W1963629350","https://openalex.org/W1965938177","https://openalex.org/W1972928069","https://openalex.org/W1984942329","https://openalex.org/W1995845982","https://openalex.org/W1997296049","https://openalex.org/W2000896334","https://openalex.org/W2006817128","https://openalex.org/W2010181842","https://openalex.org/W2013052068","https://openalex.org/W2016364797","https://openalex.org/W2022647390","https://openalex.org/W2028624374","https://openalex.org/W2036955767","https://openalex.org/W2044212038","https://openalex.org/W2051792414","https://openalex.org/W2052354921","https://openalex.org/W2065180448","https://openalex.org/W2069022425","https://openalex.org/W2071809873","https://openalex.org/W2073506374","https://openalex.org/W2076802174","https://openalex.org/W2081135415","https://openalex.org/W2085500076","https://openalex.org/W2088586575","https://openalex.org/W2090110162","https://openalex.org/W2094363023","https://openalex.org/W2096958993","https://openalex.org/W2097894432","https://openalex.org/W2099945076","https://openalex.org/W2101822364","https://openalex.org/W2104018747","https://openalex.org/W2106323720","https://openalex.org/W2124338108","https://openalex.org/W2129660502","https://openalex.org/W2130378535","https://openalex.org/W2131854704","https://openalex.org/W2134534860","https://openalex.org/W2138696311","https://openalex.org/W2140394167","https://openalex.org/W2141537988","https://openalex.org/W2150898109","https://openalex.org/W2153539202","https://openalex.org/W2154572939","https://openalex.org/W2157815126","https://openalex.org/W2161586993","https://openalex.org/W2163366026","https://openalex.org/W2164184454","https://openalex.org/W2186307282","https://openalex.org/W2276548687","https://openalex.org/W2321746051","https://openalex.org/W2322952024","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2398505015","https://openalex.org/W2404722780","https://openalex.org/W2495567670","https://openalex.org/W2610736915","https://openalex.org/W2801601926","https://openalex.org/W2918007204","https://openalex.org/W4245198606","https://openalex.org/W4299864347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948329717","https://openalex.org/W2809070807","https://openalex.org/W4387106177","https://openalex.org/W7100752101","https://openalex.org/W2576970614","https://openalex.org/W6949393350","https://openalex.org/W2731582970","https://openalex.org/W6904943480","https://openalex.org/W7098079842","https://openalex.org/W3200475166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Discourse":[0],"in":[1,112,143,166,232,235,331,346],"the":[2,9,63,66,95,101,110,115,148,151,164,169,177,230,258,279,308,336],"United":[3,116],"States":[4,117],"characterized":[5],"health":[6,34,56,237,248,261,283],"disparities'":[7,77,181],"as":[8,94,202,285,291,293],"disproportionate":[10],"burden":[11],"of":[12,29,49,69,104,125,139,150,168,209,220,260,278,282,303],"morbidity":[13],"and":[14,20,36,52,85,89,118,132,134,184,188,195,211,224,249,263,265,288,310,317,323,328,348],"mortality":[15],"suffered":[16],"by":[17,83,252,339],"racial,":[18],"ethnic":[19,289],"other":[21,119,294],"disadvantaged":[22,295],"populations.":[23,296],"This":[24,191,242],"dissertation":[25],"contributes":[26,244],"a":[27,41,79,123,137,275],"theory":[28,256],"social":[30,102,250,280,326],"construction":[31,103,281],"that":[32,45,176],"transformed":[33],"inequalities":[35,262],"inequities":[37,238,330,347],"into":[38,239],"'health":[39,76,105,180,240],"disparities,'":[40],"hegemonic":[42],"(dominant)":[43],"concept":[44],"prevented":[46],"structural":[47,204],"analysis":[48,93,160,216],"root":[50,199],"causes":[51,200],"effective":[53],"solutions.":[54],"Consequently":[55],"disparities":[57],"remain.":[58],"My":[59,215,297],"study":[60,100,243,259,298],"focuses":[61],"on":[62,179],"discourse":[64,92,113,178,231],"during":[65],"latter":[67],"part":[68],"President":[70],"Clinton's":[71],"administration":[72],"(1999-2001),":[73],"when":[74],"eliminating":[75,329],"became":[78],"major":[80],"objective.":[81],"Anchored":[82],"hegemony":[84,305],"racial":[86,254,287],"formation":[87,255],"theories,":[88],"using":[90],"critical":[91],"principal":[96],"research":[97],"method,":[98],"I":[99,107,121,155,174],"disparities.":[106,241],"also":[108,299],"discuss":[109],"differences":[111],"between":[114,130],"countries.":[120],"analyze":[122],"selection":[124],"official":[126],"government":[127,208,233],"reports":[128],"published":[129],"1979":[131],"2010":[133],"interviews":[135],"with":[136],"sample":[138],"key":[140],"informants":[141],"involved":[142],"policy":[144],"and/or":[145],"academia":[146],"at":[147,163,307],"time":[149],"study.":[152],"In":[153],"addition":[154],"perform":[156],"limited":[157],"quantitative":[158],"content":[159],"to":[161,229,245,257,269,334],"look":[162],"change":[165,327],"use":[167],"term":[170],"'disparities'":[171],"through":[172],"time.":[173],"find":[175],"emphasized":[182],"race":[183],"ethnicity,":[185],"individual":[186,309],"responsibility,":[187],"medical":[189],"care.":[190],"narrow":[192],"focus":[193],"omitted":[194],"diverted":[196],"attention":[197,341],"from":[198,342],"such":[201],"growing":[203],"inequality,":[205],"thus":[206],"exculpating":[207],"responsibility":[210],"forestalling":[212],"socio-economic":[213],"change.":[214],"suggests":[217],"that,":[218],"because":[219],"their":[221],"elite":[222],"positions":[223],"qualifications,":[225],"individuals":[226,319],"who":[227,320],"contributed":[228],"participated":[234],"transforming":[236],"sociology,":[246],"population":[247],"epidemiology":[251],"applying":[253],"inequities,":[264,284],"extending":[266],"its":[267],"principles":[268],"class":[270],"formation;":[271],"thus,":[272],"it":[273],"adds":[274],"greater":[276],"understanding":[277],"affecting":[286],"minorities,":[290],"well":[292],"helps":[300],"make":[301],"sense":[302],"how":[304],"operates":[306],"institutional":[311],"levels.":[312],"Through":[313],"omissions,":[314],"contradictions,":[315],"fears":[316],"capitulation,":[318],"express":[321],"passion":[322],"desire":[324],"for":[325],"society":[332],"contribute":[333],"maintaining":[335],"status":[337],"quo":[338],"diverting":[340],"more":[343],"fundamental":[344],"transformations":[345],"inequalities.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}