{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2176760409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","title":"Industrial revolution - industry 4.0: Are German manufacturing SMEs the first victims of this revolution?","display_name":"Industrial revolution - industry 4.0: Are German manufacturing SMEs the first victims of this revolution?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2176760409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","mag":"2176760409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3926/jiem.1470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","pdf_url":"http://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/1470/730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80357293","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management","issn_l":"2013-0953","issn":["2013-0953","2013-8423"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321195","host_organization_name":"OmniaScience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["OmniaScience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/1470/730","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025563373","display_name":"Lutz Sommer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5782-1449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5782-1449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124927","display_name":"Albstadt-Sigmaringen University","ror":"https://ror.org/03crxcn36","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124927"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lutz Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration and Engineering\r\nAlbstadt-Sigmaringen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration and Engineering\r\nAlbstadt-Sigmaringen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124927"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025563373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124927"],"apc_list":{"value":495,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":533},"apc_paid":{"value":495,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":533},"fwci":26.4467,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":500,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99676689,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14260","display_name":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11938","display_name":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4-0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-smes","display_name":"manufacturing SMEs","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation-readiness","display_name":"digital transformation readiness","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-capabilities","display_name":"digital capabilities","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-manufacturing-industry","display_name":"German manufacturing","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-revolution","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.8373531103134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.8357548117637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7720134258270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.6306639909744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6131028532981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517468935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","level":2,"score":0.5741970539093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5101735591888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4654439687728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4282418191432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.41079530119895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.35041511058807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3375898599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3191761076450348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20848092436790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.171097993850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14325308799743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.07344445586204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.06752404570579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3926/jiem.1470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","pdf_url":"http://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/1470/730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80357293","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management","issn_l":"2013-0953","issn":["2013-0953","2013-8423"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321195","host_organization_name":"OmniaScience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["OmniaScience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/84671","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/84671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:upcommonspor::78e71d853b43082955b2bff2f80d2efa","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/84671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:784e2460a1a243db9b94c6e05d17401d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/784e2460a1a243db9b94c6e05d17401d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Vol 8, Iss 5, Pp 1512-1532 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/188747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/188747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:raco.cat:article/306692","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://raco.cat/index.php/JIEM/article/view/306692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401311","display_name":"RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Acc\u00e9s Obert) (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management; 2015: Vol.: 8 N\u00c3\u00bam.: 5","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3926/jiem.1470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1470","pdf_url":"http://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem/article/download/1470/730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80357293","display_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management","issn_l":"2013-0953","issn":["2013-0953","2013-8423"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321195","host_organization_name":"OmniaScience","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["OmniaScience"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2176760409.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2176760409.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491644571","https://openalex.org/W1807256883","https://openalex.org/W2129991262","https://openalex.org/W2797354339","https://openalex.org/W2965718128","https://openalex.org/W4229493759"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2941918480","https://openalex.org/W2974019639","https://openalex.org/W3160482378","https://openalex.org/W3080737833","https://openalex.org/W3006335877","https://openalex.org/W3115580490","https://openalex.org/W3033363931","https://openalex.org/W2781837952","https://openalex.org/W2955865961","https://openalex.org/W2996359397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],":":[1,131],"Industry":[2,136,148],"4.0":[3,137,149],"represents":[4],"a":[5,58,79],"special":[6,36],"challenge":[7,31,99],"for":[8,13,172],"businesses":[9],"in":[10,15,54,101,151,161],"general":[11],"and":[12,26,61,93,168,175],"SMEs":[14,113],"particular.":[16],"The":[17,41,74,91,111],"study":[18,70],"at":[19,71],"hand":[20],"will":[21,121],"examine":[22],"companies\u00b4":[23],"awareness,":[24],"readiness":[25,92,150],"capability":[27,95],"to":[28,65,96,153],"meet":[29,97],"this":[30,48,98,128],"taking":[32],"into":[33,143],"account":[34],"the":[35,55,66,69,86,89,94,108,115,117,138,144,147,154,159],"role":[37],"of":[38,43,50,57,68,88,125,127,146],"SMEs.":[39],"Methodology:":[40],"results":[42],"nine":[44],"studies":[45,134],"dealing":[46],"with":[47,63],"range":[49],"topics":[51],"are":[52],"examined":[53],"framework":[56],"systematic":[59],"review":[60,75],"compared":[62],"regard":[64],"objective":[67],"hand.":[72],"Findings:":[73],"showed":[76],"that,":[77],"as":[78],"rule,":[80],"there":[81],"is":[82],"an":[83,141],"awareness":[84],"concerning":[85,135],"relevance":[87],"topic.":[90],"exist":[100],"parts;":[102],"however,":[103],"they":[104,120],"strongly":[105],"depend":[106],"on":[107],"enterprise":[109],"size.":[110,156],"smaller":[112],"are,":[114],"higher":[116],"risk":[118],"that":[119],"become":[122],"victims":[123],"instead":[124],"beneficiaries":[126],"revolution.":[129],"Originality/value":[130],"Considering":[132],"different":[133,170],"article":[139],"gives":[140],"insight":[142],"dependence":[145],"reference":[152],"company":[155],"This":[157],"deepens":[158],"knowledge":[160],"adaption":[162],"deficits":[163],"German":[164],"SME":[165],"still":[166],"have":[167],"opens":[169],"approaches":[171],"further":[173],"research":[174],"action":[176],"plans.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}