{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2175802243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","title":"Economic Growth And Carbon Emissions In South Africa: An Empirical Investigation","display_name":"Economic Growth And Carbon Emissions In South Africa: An Empirical Investigation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2175802243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","mag":"2175802243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/6682/6757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764593888","display_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","issn_l":"0892-7626","issn":["0892-7626","2157-8834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/6682/6757","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075418391","display_name":"Nicholas Mbaya Odhiambo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-0259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-0259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165390105","display_name":"University of South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/048cwvf49","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas M. Odhiambo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075418391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165390105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93495169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granger-causality","display_name":"Granger causality","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ardl-bounds-test","display_name":"ARDL bounds testing","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation-policy","display_name":"energy conservation policy","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.5602777600288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5549774169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5391168594360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960395","display_name":"Span (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4674813151359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.44280898571014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4420601427555084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4024375379085541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20216292142868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1567142903804779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1158076822757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10445234179496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08699390292167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07759708166122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/6682/6757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764593888","display_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","issn_l":"0892-7626","issn":["0892-7626","2157-8834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i1.6682","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/6682/6757","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764593888","display_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","issn_l":"0892-7626","issn":["0892-7626","2157-8834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2175802243.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2175802243.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575712408","https://openalex.org/W1525538664","https://openalex.org/W1587141723","https://openalex.org/W1593355387","https://openalex.org/W1603572986","https://openalex.org/W1799105982","https://openalex.org/W1965894099","https://openalex.org/W1966910378","https://openalex.org/W1970443438","https://openalex.org/W1984018474","https://openalex.org/W1986392484","https://openalex.org/W1997569360","https://openalex.org/W2002554864","https://openalex.org/W2022158248","https://openalex.org/W2027188638","https://openalex.org/W2044026970","https://openalex.org/W2047045802","https://openalex.org/W2049101517","https://openalex.org/W2057080978","https://openalex.org/W2067392047","https://openalex.org/W2075225248","https://openalex.org/W2102630562","https://openalex.org/W2110603299","https://openalex.org/W2117178635","https://openalex.org/W2118656123","https://openalex.org/W2121773765","https://openalex.org/W2139700718","https://openalex.org/W2149292156","https://openalex.org/W2153562738","https://openalex.org/W2157683976","https://openalex.org/W2468391085","https://openalex.org/W3023906401","https://openalex.org/W3123185352","https://openalex.org/W3124387679","https://openalex.org/W4388076254","https://openalex.org/W4388076604","https://openalex.org/W6650009330","https://openalex.org/W6669432901","https://openalex.org/W6719810843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748259226","https://openalex.org/W3126190134","https://openalex.org/W4221102889","https://openalex.org/W2042208935","https://openalex.org/W2510299707","https://openalex.org/W2620994064","https://openalex.org/W2133721652","https://openalex.org/W2316673514","https://openalex.org/W7021021700","https://openalex.org/W3023841854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"examine":[4],"the":[5,19,104,124,129,133],"causal":[6,56],"relationship":[7],"between":[8,34],"CO2":[9,35],"emissions":[10,36,63,76],"and":[11,37,77],"economic":[12,38,59,78],"growth":[13,60],"in":[14,29,64,97,100,128,132],"South":[15,65,98],"Africa":[16,99],"-":[17],"using":[18],"newly":[20],"developed":[21],"ARDL-Bounds":[22],"testing":[23],"approach.":[24],"We":[25,67,80],"incorporate":[26],"energy":[27,71,83],"consumption":[28,72],"a":[30,42,53],"bivariate":[31],"causality":[32,125],"setting":[33],"growth,":[39],"thereby":[40],"creating":[41],"simple":[43],"trivariate":[44],"model.":[45],"Our":[46],"empirical":[47],"results":[48,119],"show":[49],"that":[50,70,82],"there":[51],"is":[52,126],"distinct":[54],"unidirectional":[55],"flow":[57],"from":[58],"to":[61,102,106],"carbon":[62,75,109],"Africa.":[66],"also":[68],"find":[69],"Granger-causes":[73],"both":[74],"growth.":[79,117],"recommend":[81],"conservation":[84],"policies,":[85],"as":[86,88],"well":[87],"appropriate":[89],"forms":[90],"of":[91,122],"renewable":[92],"energy,":[93],"should":[94],"be":[95],"explored":[96],"order":[101],"enable":[103],"country":[105],"reduce":[107],"its":[108,115],"emission":[110],"footprint":[111],"without":[112],"necessarily":[113],"sacrificing":[114],"output":[116],"The":[118],"apply":[120],"irrespective":[121],"whether":[123],"estimated":[127],"short":[130],"or":[131],"long":[134],"run.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}