{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2175293263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05891k","title":"Refinements to the structure of graphite oxide: absolute quantification of functional groups via selective labelling","display_name":"Refinements to the structure of graphite oxide: absolute quantification of functional groups via selective labelling","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2175293263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05891k","mag":"2175293263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c5nr05891k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05891k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05891k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23181512","display_name":"Nanoscale","issn_l":"2040-3364","issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084692362","display_name":"Alex Yong Sheng Eng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-1681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-1681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Yong Sheng Eng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry","Nanyang Technological University","School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","Singapore 637371, Singapore","Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore 637371, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090444100","display_name":"Chun Kiang Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-2785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-2785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Kiang Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry","Nanyang Technological University","School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","Singapore 637371, Singapore","Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore 637371, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027346868","display_name":"Martin Pumera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-2951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-2951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Pumera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry","Nanyang Technological University","School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","Singapore 637371, Singapore","Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore 637371, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027346868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92805187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"47","first_page":"20256","last_page":"20266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13465","display_name":"Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite-oxide","display_name":"graphite oxide","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-group-quantification","display_name":"functional group quantification","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltammetric-analysis","display_name":"voltammetric analysis","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanganate-oxidation","display_name":"potassium permanganate oxidation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonyl-compounds","display_name":"carbonyl compounds","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinones","display_name":"quinones","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliphatic-ketones","display_name":"aliphatic ketones","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carboxyl-groups","display_name":"carboxyl groups","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroactive-labels","display_name":"electroactive labels","score":0.6439999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780523633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380709","display_name":"Labelling","level":2,"score":0.8541209697723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.4951747953891754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.487693190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.47398510575294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777487392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q481201","display_name":"Absolute (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4711909294128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779212583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410707","display_name":"Graphite oxide","level":3,"score":0.47028210759162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3477374017238617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32750195264816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11885380744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.08205875754356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07077178359031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/c5nr05891k","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05891k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05891k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23181512","display_name":"Nanoscale","issn_l":"2040-3364","issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26579848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625478834","https://openalex.org/W1507574924","https://openalex.org/W1572819095","https://openalex.org/W1966681574","https://openalex.org/W1966855832","https://openalex.org/W1970720213","https://openalex.org/W1971951153","https://openalex.org/W1972744088","https://openalex.org/W1976130042","https://openalex.org/W1981239532","https://openalex.org/W1981325479","https://openalex.org/W1983735004","https://openalex.org/W1983836861","https://openalex.org/W1985388560","https://openalex.org/W1986081303","https://openalex.org/W1992114110","https://openalex.org/W1993865072","https://openalex.org/W1998574376","https://openalex.org/W1999023472","https://openalex.org/W2002938949","https://openalex.org/W2003235833","https://openalex.org/W2007595254","https://openalex.org/W2008892790","https://openalex.org/W2009122997","https://openalex.org/W2011280506","https://openalex.org/W2011379198","https://openalex.org/W2018809718","https://openalex.org/W2033184784","https://openalex.org/W2034330637","https://openalex.org/W2035007747","https://openalex.org/W2035216044","https://openalex.org/W2035233491","https://openalex.org/W2036639991","https://openalex.org/W2051085289","https://openalex.org/W2058122340","https://openalex.org/W2059258348","https://openalex.org/W2064828983","https://openalex.org/W2069317928","https://openalex.org/W2075356879","https://openalex.org/W2081887179","https://openalex.org/W2088513397","https://openalex.org/W2095452577","https://openalex.org/W2095923886","https://openalex.org/W2105578054","https://openalex.org/W2109421444","https://openalex.org/W2114872297","https://openalex.org/W2121396163","https://openalex.org/W2125203621","https://openalex.org/W2131662926","https://openalex.org/W2135469785","https://openalex.org/W2135479172","https://openalex.org/W2140746165","https://openalex.org/W2146501053","https://openalex.org/W2147875763","https://openalex.org/W2151760819","https://openalex.org/W2153959467","https://openalex.org/W2161263580","https://openalex.org/W2166691312","https://openalex.org/W2166988189","https://openalex.org/W2167035968","https://openalex.org/W2168056135","https://openalex.org/W2169839000","https://openalex.org/W2312850474","https://openalex.org/W2331922199","https://openalex.org/W2332228432","https://openalex.org/W2333319526","https://openalex.org/W2334836014","https://openalex.org/W3045140479","https://openalex.org/W4233194460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2337733904","https://openalex.org/W2155393025","https://openalex.org/W7166727868","https://openalex.org/W2331922199","https://openalex.org/W2166988189","https://openalex.org/W3157399733","https://openalex.org/W2059304012","https://openalex.org/W1998574376","https://openalex.org/W2368421779","https://openalex.org/W4385198061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chemical":[0],"modification":[1],"and":[2,43,64,98,148,159],"functionalization":[3],"of":[4,15,66,81,84,91,108,132,163,176,195],"inherent":[5],"functional":[6],"groups":[7,61,143],"within":[8],"graphite":[9],"oxide":[10],"(GO)":[11],"are":[12,56,144,149],"essential":[13],"aspects":[14],"graphene-based":[16,196],"nano-materials":[17],"used":[18,190],"in":[19,29,62,105,124,146,150,170,192],"wide-ranging":[20],"applications.":[21],"Despite":[22],"extensive":[23],"research,":[24],"there":[25],"remains":[26],"some":[27],"discrepancy":[28],"its":[30,133],"structure,":[31],"with":[32,87,128,180],"current":[33],"knowledge":[34],"limited":[35],"primarily":[36],"to":[37,58,126],"spectroscopic":[38],"data":[39],"from":[40,100,154,174],"XPS,":[41],"NMR":[42],"vibrational":[44],"spectroscopies.":[45],"We":[46],"report":[47],"herein":[48],"an":[49],"innovative":[50],"electrochemistry-based":[51],"approach.":[52],"Four":[53],"electroactive":[54],"labels":[55],"chosen":[57],"selectively":[59],"functionalize":[60],"GO,":[63],"quantification":[65,80],"each":[67,85],"group":[68],"is":[69],"achieved":[70],"by":[71,166],"voltammetric":[72],"analysis.":[73],"This":[74],"allows":[75],"for":[76],"the":[77,106,129,181,193],"first":[78],"time":[79],"absolute":[82],"amounts":[83],"group,":[86],"a":[88],"further":[89],"advantage":[90],"distinguishing":[92],"various":[93],"carbonyl":[94],"species:":[95],"namely":[96],"ortho-":[97],"para-quinones":[99],"aliphatic":[101],"ketones.":[102,137],"Intrinsic":[103],"variations":[104],"compositions":[107],"permanganate":[109],"versus":[110],"chlorate-oxidized":[111],"GOs":[112],"were":[113],"thus":[114],"observed.":[115],"Principal":[116],"differences":[117],"include":[118],"permanganate-GO":[119],"exhibiting":[120],"substantial":[121],"quinonyl":[122],"content,":[123],"comparison":[125],"chlorate-GO":[127],"vast":[130],"majority":[131],"carbonyls":[134],"as":[135],"isolated":[136],"The":[138],"results":[139],"confirm":[140],"that":[141,184],"carboxylic":[142],"rare":[145],"actuality,":[147],"fact":[151],"entirely":[152],"absent":[153],"chlorate-GO.":[155],"These":[156],"observations":[157],"refine":[158],"advance":[160],"our":[161],"understanding":[162],"GO":[164,185],"structure":[165],"addressing":[167],"certain":[168],"disparities":[169],"past":[171],"models":[172],"resulting":[173],"employment":[175],"different":[177],"oxidation":[178],"routes,":[179],"vital":[182],"implication":[183],"production":[186],"methods":[187],"cannot":[188],"be":[189],"interchangeably":[191],"manufacture":[194],"devices.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
