{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2174015247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19388078609557892","title":"What is remedial reading? A descriptive study","display_name":"What is remedial reading? A descriptive study","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2174015247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19388078609557892","mag":"2174015247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19388078609557892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19388078609557892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19388078609557892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166258767","display_name":"Reading Research and Instruction","issn_l":"0886-0246","issn":["0886-0246","2331-3587"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading Research and Instruction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049021605","display_name":"Richard L. Allington","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Allington","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York, Albany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, Albany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030214104","display_name":"Helen Stuetzel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Stuetzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hadley\u2010Luzerne Central Schools, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hadley\u2010Luzerne Central Schools, New York","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056425757","display_name":"Mary C. Shake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Shake","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029036280","display_name":"Sharron Lamarche","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharron Lamarche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queensbury School District, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queensbury School District, New York","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93833505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13061","display_name":"Literacy and Educational Practices","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remedial-reading","display_name":"remedial reading","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/struggling-readers","display_name":"struggling readers","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-role","display_name":"teacher role","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-as-manager","display_name":"teacher as manager","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-time","display_name":"instructional time","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-instruction-model","display_name":"reading instruction model","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-observation","display_name":"classroom observation","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100207952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7311597","display_name":"Remedial education","level":2,"score":0.9703021049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778202681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034663","display_name":"Workbook","level":2,"score":0.8215232491493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7774069309234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6716688871383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6517024040222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176734034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259432","display_name":"Worksheet","level":2,"score":0.6283053755760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.41477590799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08832564949989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19388078609557892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19388078609557892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19388078609557892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166258767","display_name":"Reading Research and Instruction","issn_l":"0886-0246","issn":["0886-0246","2331-3587"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading Research and Instruction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18445018","https://openalex.org/W63711511","https://openalex.org/W75586778","https://openalex.org/W135868808","https://openalex.org/W139701833","https://openalex.org/W206679460","https://openalex.org/W215417854","https://openalex.org/W313280769","https://openalex.org/W334488211","https://openalex.org/W1972566570","https://openalex.org/W1973368255","https://openalex.org/W1987260893","https://openalex.org/W2021020115","https://openalex.org/W2036117422","https://openalex.org/W2067921013","https://openalex.org/W2070699850","https://openalex.org/W2091775146","https://openalex.org/W2102235184","https://openalex.org/W2229182348","https://openalex.org/W2410979608","https://openalex.org/W4205774453","https://openalex.org/W4234645257","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W272265352","https://openalex.org/W340310469","https://openalex.org/W2560699497","https://openalex.org/W623986547","https://openalex.org/W2116905472","https://openalex.org/W7099440144","https://openalex.org/W575326489","https://openalex.org/W2033547094","https://openalex.org/W221679794","https://openalex.org/W2039074295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remedial":[0,73],"reading":[1,83,98,115],"instruction":[2,26,57],"in":[3,6,36],"five":[4],"classrooms":[5],"four":[7],"different":[8],"school":[9],"districts":[10],"was":[11,94],"observed":[12],"over":[13],"a":[14,22,46,86,110],"six\u2010month":[15],"period":[16],"of":[17,24,31,89,99,109,113],"time.":[18],"From":[19],"these":[20],"observations":[21],"description":[23],"remedial":[25,52,65,91],"evolved.":[27],"Remediation":[28],"consisted":[29],"primarily":[30],"students":[32,74],"completing":[33],"skill":[34],"lessons":[35],"workbook":[37],"or":[38],"worksheet":[39],"activities":[40,66],"with":[41,70],"the":[42,51,90,107],"teacher":[43,53],"serving":[44],"as":[45],"manager.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"role":[50],"offered":[54],"little":[55],"direct":[56],"but":[58],"distributed":[59],"and":[60],"corrected":[61],"academic":[62],"work.":[63],"Most":[64],"were":[67],"not":[68],"congruent":[69],"classroom":[71],"tasks.":[72],"generally":[75],"received":[76],"no":[77],"additional":[78],"instructional":[79,92],"time":[80,93],"to":[81,96],"acquire":[82],"behaviors.":[84],"Only":[85],"small":[87],"amount":[88],"devoted":[95],"teacher\u2010directed":[97],"connected":[100],"text.":[101],"These":[102],"data":[103],"are":[104],"discussed":[105],"within":[106],"framework":[108],"general":[111],"model":[112],"effective":[114],"instruction.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
