{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2173953943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3922","title":"Controlling confounding of treatment effects in administrative data in the presence of time\u2010varying baseline confounders","display_name":"Controlling confounding of treatment effects in administrative data in the presence of time\u2010varying baseline confounders","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2173953943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3922","mag":"2173953943","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26608680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pds.3922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140231191","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","issn_l":"1053-8569","issn":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017256940","display_name":"David T. Gilbertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-7360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-7360"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David T. Gilbertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109730682","display_name":"Brian D. Bradbury","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320553840","display_name":"Amgen (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g03ge92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320553840"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian D. Bradbury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320553840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053972026","display_name":"James B. Wetmore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-8597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-8597"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James B. Wetmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078004794","display_name":"Eric D. Weinhandl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-2015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-2015"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric D. Weinhandl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008199492","display_name":"Keri L. Monda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320553840","display_name":"Amgen (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g03ge92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320553840"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keri L. Monda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320553840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002841946","display_name":"Jiannong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-9542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-9542"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiannong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049275831","display_name":"M. Alan Brookhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-0564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-0564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Alan Brookhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002010766","display_name":"Sally K. Gustafson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally K. Gustafson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113538664","display_name":"Tricia L. Roberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tricia Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110037289","display_name":"Allan J. Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan J. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074005348","display_name":"Kenneth Jay Rothman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-1705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-1705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286490081","display_name":"Boston Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/010b9wj87","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120329","display_name":"RTI Health Solutions","ror":"https://ror.org/032nh7f71","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I180297670","https://openalex.org/I4210120329"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth J. Rothman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA","RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I1286490081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017256940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92903013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"269","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounder-adjustment","display_name":"confounding adjustment","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-claims-data","display_name":"administrative claims data","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity-assessment","display_name":"comorbidity assessment","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-hemodialysis","display_name":"maintenance hemodialysis","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-beneficiaries","display_name":"Medicare beneficiaries","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacoepidemiology","display_name":"pharmacoepidemiology","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-outcome-association","display_name":"exposure-outcome association","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.9129201173782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8665499687194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23276603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158230","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","level":3,"score":0.6885804533958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.6572819352149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.6515876054763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.5857105851173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5024867057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4153830409049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3355128765106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2115887701511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.08478572964668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000208","descriptor_name":"Acute Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006278","descriptor_name":"Medicare","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006435","descriptor_name":"Renal Dialysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006435","descriptor_name":"Renal Dialysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007344","descriptor_name":"Insurance Claim Reporting","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015986","descriptor_name":"Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017891","descriptor_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017891","descriptor_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pds.3922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140231191","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","issn_l":"1053-8569","issn":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26608680","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26608680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307105","display_name":"Amgen","ror":"https://ror.org/03g03ge92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1881150029","https://openalex.org/W1934443959","https://openalex.org/W1967862917","https://openalex.org/W1972063433","https://openalex.org/W1974173658","https://openalex.org/W1985893641","https://openalex.org/W1991725255","https://openalex.org/W1999911758","https://openalex.org/W2000445173","https://openalex.org/W2050503581","https://openalex.org/W2057780602","https://openalex.org/W2061326496","https://openalex.org/W2066059923","https://openalex.org/W2085509059","https://openalex.org/W2087781527","https://openalex.org/W2129168200","https://openalex.org/W2150285448","https://openalex.org/W2157358083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987723939","https://openalex.org/W1981573071","https://openalex.org/W7100806474","https://openalex.org/W2607035474","https://openalex.org/W2916511283","https://openalex.org/W2963415410","https://openalex.org/W4243861490","https://openalex.org/W2087781527","https://openalex.org/W2127558133","https://openalex.org/W4400699278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Confounding,":[1],"a":[2,46,130,206,219],"concern":[3],"in":[4,13],"nonexperimental":[5],"research":[6],"using":[7],"administrative":[8],"claims,":[9,85],"is":[10,26],"nearly":[11],"ubiquitous":[12],"claims-based":[14],"pharmacoepidemiology":[15],"studies.":[16],"A":[17],"fixed-length":[18],"look-back":[19],"window":[20],"for":[21,64,93,164,212],"assessing":[22],"comorbidity":[23],"from":[24],"claims":[25,103,203,245],"common,":[27],"but":[28],"it":[29],"may":[30,237],"be":[31,238],"advantageous":[32],"to":[33,62,89,117,152,194,247],"use":[34],"all":[35,83,213],"historical":[36],"claims.":[37],"We":[38,112,128],"assessed":[39],"how":[40],"the":[41,55,109,119,142,145,159,182,216,230,242],"strength":[42],"of":[43,106,123,139,158,181,189,244],"association":[44,120,143,217],"between":[45,121,144,174,218],"baseline-identified":[47],"condition":[48,56,124,146,166,221,231],"and":[49,59,98,101,125,134,147,177,222],"subsequent":[50,126,223],"mortality":[51,148,160,224],"varied":[52,149,225],"by":[53,104,150,240],"when":[54,141,229],"was":[57,197,232],"measured":[58],"investigated":[60,135,167],"methods":[61],"control":[63,236],"confounding.":[65],"METHODS:":[66],"For":[67],"Medicare":[68,84],"beneficiaries":[69],"undergoing":[70],"maintenance":[71],"hemodialysis":[72],"on":[73,228],"1":[74,86],"January":[75,87],"2008":[76],"(n":[77],"=":[78],"222":[79],"343),":[80],"we":[81,209],"searched":[82],"2001":[88],"31":[90],"December":[91],"2007,":[92],"four":[94],"conditions":[95,214],"representing":[96],"chronic":[97],"acute":[99],"diseases,":[100],"classified":[102],"number":[105],"months":[107],"preceding":[108],"index":[110,175],"date.":[111],"used":[113],"proportional":[114],"hazard":[115,161],"models":[116],"estimate":[118],"time":[122,172],"mortality.":[127],"simulated":[129],"confounded":[131],"comorbidity-exposure":[132],"relationship":[133],"an":[136],"alternative":[137],"method":[138],"adjustment":[140],"proximity":[151,193],"follow-up":[153,195,248],"start.":[154,249],"RESULTS:":[155],"The":[156],"magnitude":[157],"ratio":[162],"estimates":[163,188],"each":[165],"decreased":[168],"toward":[169],"unity":[170],"as":[171],"increased":[173],"date":[176],"most":[178],"recent":[179],"manifestation":[180],"condition.":[183],"Simulation":[184],"showed":[185],"more":[186],"biased":[187],"exposure-outcome":[190],"associations":[191],"if":[192],"start":[196],"not":[198],"considered.":[199],"CONCLUSIONS:":[200],"Using":[201],"all-available":[202],"information":[204],"during":[205],"baseline":[207],"period,":[208],"found":[210],"that":[211],"investigated,":[215],"comorbid":[220],"considerably":[226],"depending":[227],"measured.":[233],"Improved":[234],"confounding":[235],"achieved":[239],"considering":[241],"timing":[243],"relative":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}