{"id":"https://openalex.org/W217379708","doi":null,"title":"The Effects of Fuel and Cylinder Gas Densities on the Characteristics of Fuel Sprays for Oil Engines","display_name":"The Effects of Fuel and Cylinder Gas Densities on the Characteristics of Fuel Sprays for Oil Engines","publication_year":1928,"publication_date":"1928-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W217379708","mag":"217379708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:217379708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc65934/m2/1/high_res_d/19930091349.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061488549","display_name":"William F. Joachim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William F. Joachim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003583201","display_name":"Edward G Beardsley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward G Beardsley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00369004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11382","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-spray","display_name":"fuel spray","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-engines","display_name":"oil engines","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-density","display_name":"fuel density","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spray-penetration","display_name":"spray penetration","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spray-angle","display_name":"spray angle","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-speed-imaging","display_name":"high-speed imaging","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-engines","display_name":"aircraft engines","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-injection","display_name":"fuel injection","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42020924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915334","display_name":"Vapor lock","level":4,"score":0.6951981782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82576440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214199","display_name":"Fuel oil","level":2,"score":0.6478162407875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9526370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308881","display_name":"Fuel injection","level":2,"score":0.6289902329444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.554598867893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203311528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132","display_name":"Cylinder","level":2,"score":0.5231653451919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4890075623989105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26625249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909363","display_name":"Fuel gas","level":3,"score":0.4814243018627167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386534","display_name":"Liquid fuel","level":3,"score":0.4493926465511322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53932193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135198","display_name":"Engine knocking","level":5,"score":0.4327353835105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39573554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502048","display_name":"Petrol engine","level":3,"score":0.42684274911880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39155611395835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511840579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12757","display_name":"Internal combustion engine","level":2,"score":0.3502412438392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3410649299621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.33644601702690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.33458074927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.26993900537490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24942317605018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2298855483531952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.21398094296455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106169591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909434","display_name":"Combustion chamber","level":3,"score":0.17999064922332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.1588100790977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96949565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5606882","display_name":"Homogeneous charge compression ignition","level":4,"score":0.14265382289886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12063512206077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:217379708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc65934/m2/1/high_res_d/19930091349.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099594339","https://openalex.org/W6908559987","https://openalex.org/W2108721630","https://openalex.org/W2035620395","https://openalex.org/W298765573","https://openalex.org/W3096016068","https://openalex.org/W6964845893","https://openalex.org/W1517838619","https://openalex.org/W2950330030","https://openalex.org/W2075106994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,67,133],"investigation":[1,20],"was":[2,21,134],"conducted":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,8,144,182,185],"part":[6],"of":[7,18,26,35,46,62,78,83,90,96,115,120,138,152,159,190],"general":[9],"research":[10],"on":[11,57],"fuel-injection":[12],"engines":[13],"for":[14,38],"aircraft.":[15],"The":[16,41,94,118],"purpose":[17],"the":[19,24,84,88,97,102,112,116,121,125,135,139,148,157,164,191],"to":[22,156,188],"determine":[23],"effects":[25],"fuel":[27,36,48,98,126,149,172],"and":[28,44,101,105],"cylinder":[29,196],"gas":[30,122,141,183,192],"densities":[31],"with":[32,109],"several":[33],"characteristics":[34],"sprays":[37,49,99,127,173],"oil":[39],"engines.":[40],"start,":[42],"growth,":[43],"cut-off":[45],"single":[47],"produced":[50],"by":[51,60],"automatic":[52],"injection":[53],"valves":[54],"were":[55,128],"recorded":[56],"photographic":[58],"film":[59],"means":[61],"special":[63],"high-speed":[64],"motion-picture":[65],"apparatus.":[66],"equipment,":[68],"which":[69,124,163],"has":[70],"been":[71],"described":[72],"in":[73,111,162,193],"previous":[74],"reports,":[75],"is":[76,166],"capable":[77],"taking":[79],"twenty-five":[80],"consecutive":[81],"pictures":[82],"moving":[85],"spray":[86],"at":[87,184,197],"rate":[89],"4,000":[91],"per":[92],"second.":[93],"penetrations":[95],"increased":[100],"cone":[103],"angles":[104],"relative":[106],"distributions":[107],"decreased":[108],"increase":[110],"specific":[113],"gravity":[114],"fuel.":[117],"density":[119,186],"into":[123,181],"injected":[129,180],"controlled":[130],"their":[131],"penetration.":[132],"only":[136],"characteristic":[137],"chamber":[140],"that":[142,171,189],"had":[143],"measurable":[145],"effect":[146],"upon":[147],"sprays.":[150],"Application":[151],"fuel-spray":[153],"penetration":[154],"data":[155],"case":[158],"an":[160,194],"engine,":[161],"pressure":[165],"rising":[167],"during":[168],"injection,":[169],"indicated":[170],"may":[174],"penetrate":[175],"considerably":[176],"farther":[177],"than":[178],"when":[179],"equal":[187],"engine":[195],"top":[198],"center.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-12T09:15:50.089291","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}