{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2173720144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","title":"Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans","display_name":"Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2173720144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","mag":"2173720144","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196637695","display_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism","issn_l":"0193-1849","issn":["0193-1849","1522-1555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008028757","display_name":"A. L. Green","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. L. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014627032","display_name":"E. Hultman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Hultman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024203094","display_name":"Ian Andrew Macdonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-9850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-9850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. A. Macdonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013755309","display_name":"Dean A. Sewell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Sewell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085953050","display_name":"Paul Leonard Greenhaff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-0490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-0490"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. L. Greenhaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Medical School,Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":295,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98802395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"271","issue":"5","first_page":"E821","last_page":"E826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13551","display_name":"Biochemical effects in animals","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-supplementation","display_name":"creatine supplementation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-intake","display_name":"carbohydrate intake","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphocreatine","display_name":"phosphocreatine","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-creatine","display_name":"total creatine","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"insulin","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-creatine","display_name":"muscle creatine","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.8970686197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193230392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663054","display_name":"Ingestion","level":2,"score":0.8371390700340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778626300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1984607","display_name":"Phosphocreatine","level":3,"score":0.8177205324172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.8087751865386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.7948552370071411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10146269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185557","display_name":"Excretion","level":2,"score":0.5735326409339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.5592308044433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778977261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358","display_name":"Carbohydrate","level":2,"score":0.5015430450439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.46258944272994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.4498710036277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3447663187980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2326640784740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986317502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570714","display_name":"Energy metabolism","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000244","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Diphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004040","descriptor_name":"Dietary Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005527","descriptor_name":"Food, Fortified","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010725","descriptor_name":"Phosphocreatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.5.e821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196637695","display_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism","issn_l":"0193-1849","issn":["0193-1849","1522-1555"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8944667","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8944667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W808761307","https://openalex.org/W1522079693","https://openalex.org/W1573193689","https://openalex.org/W1986937312","https://openalex.org/W2014649683","https://openalex.org/W2017129538","https://openalex.org/W2022720853","https://openalex.org/W2042144997","https://openalex.org/W2066741752","https://openalex.org/W2081229068","https://openalex.org/W2082504747","https://openalex.org/W2113684121","https://openalex.org/W2216177017","https://openalex.org/W4248786683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160066898","https://openalex.org/W2132001779","https://openalex.org/W1968555117","https://openalex.org/W1894719161","https://openalex.org/W2136346861","https://openalex.org/W4405072067","https://openalex.org/W2396471847","https://openalex.org/W2100803578","https://openalex.org/W2155217766","https://openalex.org/W2034791458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,92],"effect":[4,129],"of":[5,81],"carbohydrate":[6],"(CHO)":[7],"ingestion":[8,138,151],"on":[9,130],"skeletal":[10],"muscle":[11,72,154],"creatine":[12,78],"(Cr)":[13],"accumulation":[14,156],"during":[15,157],"Cr":[16,37,45,117,135,155,158],"supplementation":[17,126],"in":[18,38,55,68,71,86,94,96,103,115,119,160],"humans.":[19],"Muscle":[20],"biopsy,":[21],"urine,":[22],"and":[23,32,76,83,89,136],"plasma":[24],"samples":[25],"were":[26],"obtained":[27],"from":[28],"24":[29],"males":[30],"before":[31],"after":[33],"ingesting":[34],"5":[35,43,64],"g":[36,44,52],"solution":[39,56],"(group":[40,57],"A)":[41],"or":[42],"followed,":[46],"30":[47],"min":[48],"later,":[49],"by":[50],"93":[51],"simple":[53],"CHO":[54,137,150],"B)":[58],"four":[59],"times":[60],"each":[61],"day":[62],"for":[63],"days.":[65],"Supplementation":[66],"resulted":[67],"an":[69],"increase":[70,93],"phosphocreatine":[73],"(PCr),":[74],"Cr,":[75],"total":[77],"(TCr;":[79],"sum":[80],"PCr":[82],"Cr)":[84],"concentration":[85,142],"groups":[87],"A":[88,105],"B,":[90],"but":[91,134],"TCr":[95],"group":[97,104,120],"B":[98,121],"was":[99,110],"60%":[100],"greater":[101],"than":[102],"(P":[106,122,143],"<":[107,123,144],"0.01).":[108],"There":[109],"also":[111],"a":[112],"corresponding":[113],"decrease":[114],"urinary":[116],"excretion":[118],"0.001).":[124,145],"Creatine":[125],"had":[127],"no":[128],"serum":[131],"insulin":[132,141,166],"concentration,":[133],"dramatically":[139],"elevated":[140],"These":[146],"findings":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149],"substantially":[152],"augments":[153],"feeding":[159],"humans,":[161],"which":[162],"appears":[163],"to":[164],"be":[165],"mediated.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}