{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2173103402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","title":"Pollinating Bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) of U.S. Alfalfa Compared for Rates of Pod and Seed Set","display_name":"Pollinating Bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) of U.S. Alfalfa Compared for Rates of Pod and Seed Set","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2173103402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","mag":"2173103402","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11942760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146976949","display_name":"Journal of Economic Entomology","issn_l":"0022-0493","issn":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Entomology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007801614","display_name":"James H. Cane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-382X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4745-382X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James H. Cane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bee Biology & Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5310, USA","Bee Biology & Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bee Biology & Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5310, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bee Biology & Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007801614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950","https://openalex.org/I1312222531"],"apc_list":{"value":4328,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4328},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80468158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"1","first_page":"22","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfalfa-pollination","display_name":"alfalfa pollination","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pod-set","display_name":"pod set","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-set","display_name":"seed set","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomia-melanderi","display_name":"Nomia melanderi","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megachile-rotundata","display_name":"Megachile rotundata","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apis-mellifera","display_name":"Apis mellifera","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollinator-efficiency","display_name":"pollinator efficiency","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfalfa-leafcutting-bee","display_name":"alfalfa leafcutting bee","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-bees","display_name":"alkali bee","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osmia","display_name":"Osmia","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8981227874755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168197293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134624","display_name":"Pollination","level":3,"score":0.8109345436096191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102789151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141466","display_name":"Pollinator","level":4,"score":0.7544115781784058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780653484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22651","display_name":"Hymenoptera","level":2,"score":0.6171947717666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.5408587455749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.52065509557724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137776501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208270","display_name":"Point of delivery","level":2,"score":0.512507438659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25407","display_name":"Bumblebee","level":5,"score":0.46816393733024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779316655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5647099","display_name":"Hand-pollination","level":5,"score":0.42942890524864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178165689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156428","display_name":"Inflorescence","level":2,"score":0.41489607095718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777612826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390","display_name":"Insect","level":2,"score":0.41320428252220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.34603720903396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.19972562789916992}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000455","descriptor_name":"Medicago sativa","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001516","descriptor_name":"Bees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011058","descriptor_name":"Pollen","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146976949","display_name":"Journal of Economic Entomology","issn_l":"0022-0493","issn":["0022-0493","1938-291X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Entomology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11942760","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11942760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of economic entomology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:piru_pubs-1146","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/piru_pubs/147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"All PIRU Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:573608113","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/piru_pubs/147/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5365999937057495,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506907220","https://openalex.org/W1521409179","https://openalex.org/W1550973209","https://openalex.org/W1638571774","https://openalex.org/W1970934439","https://openalex.org/W1975939298","https://openalex.org/W1978131432","https://openalex.org/W1988295363","https://openalex.org/W1999066394","https://openalex.org/W2030482051","https://openalex.org/W2072349699","https://openalex.org/W2072701616","https://openalex.org/W2090921696","https://openalex.org/W2096177234","https://openalex.org/W2113058889","https://openalex.org/W2113424039","https://openalex.org/W2116267713","https://openalex.org/W2116610733","https://openalex.org/W2124075825","https://openalex.org/W2153222369","https://openalex.org/W2155867608","https://openalex.org/W2920061773","https://openalex.org/W3043628911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2744632002","https://openalex.org/W3159485760","https://openalex.org/W4411840244","https://openalex.org/W4409904488","https://openalex.org/W2057023893","https://openalex.org/W4389139482","https://openalex.org/W3208958763","https://openalex.org/W2625030017","https://openalex.org/W4410722292","https://openalex.org/W4295394319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alfalfa":[0],"(=lucerne)":[1],"flowers":[2,39,45,102,133,187],"require":[3],"visiting":[4],"bees":[5],"to":[6,90,128,177],"trip":[7],"the":[8,24,33,41,56,78,95,98,104,116,121,129,139,146,178,211],"sexual":[9],"column,":[10],"thereby":[11],"providing":[12],"pollination":[13,25,118],"and":[14,17,40,81,110,145,155,170],"subsequent":[15],"pod":[16,79,108],"seed":[18,83,111],"set.":[19,112],"Previous":[20],"studies":[21],"have":[22],"compared":[23,65,76],"values":[26],"of":[27,43,53,94,97,107,120,131,138,157,162,185],"different":[28],"bee":[29,72,123],"species":[30,52,73,124,164],"solely":[31],"by":[32,193],"speed":[34],"with":[35],"which":[36],"they":[37,135],"handle":[38],"proportion":[42,130],"visited":[44,132,158,186],"tripped.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"greenhouse":[49],"study,":[50],"five":[51],"bees,":[54],"including":[55],"three":[57],"commercially":[58],"managed":[59],"U.S":[60],"alfalfa":[61,147],"pollinators,":[62],"are":[63,74,125,165,191],"likewise":[64],"for":[66,77,196],"their":[67,87],"floral":[68],"tripping":[69,197],"frequencies.":[70,198],"These":[71,189],"also":[75],"set":[80,109],"mature":[82],"that":[84,134],"results":[85],"from":[86],"single":[88],"visits":[89],"virgin":[91],"flowers.":[92],"Regardless":[93],"identity":[96],"pollinating":[99],"bee,":[100,141,149,180],"tripped":[101,153],"had":[103],"same":[105],"probabilities":[106],"Thus,":[113],"differences":[114],"in":[115],"single-visit":[117],"efficiencies":[119],"various":[122],"entirely":[126],"attributable":[127],"trip.":[136],"Females":[137],"alkali":[140],"Nomia":[142],"melanderi":[143],"Cockerell,":[144],"leafcutting":[148],"Megachile":[150],"rotundata":[151],"F,":[152],"81":[154],"78%":[156],"flowers,":[159],"respectively.":[160],"Males":[161],"these":[163],"significantly":[166,175],"less":[167],"effective":[168],"(61":[169],"51%,":[171],"respectively),":[172],"but":[173,209],"still":[174],"superior":[176],"honey":[179],"Apis":[181],"mellifera":[182],"L.":[183],"(22%":[184],"tripped).":[188,217],"relationships":[190],"supported":[192],"field":[194],"data":[195],"One":[199],"candidate":[200],"pollinator,":[201],"Osmia":[202],"sanrafaelae":[203],"Parker,":[204],"shows":[205],"promise":[206],"(44%":[207],"tripped),":[208],"not":[210],"congeneric":[212],"O.":[213],"aglaia":[214],"Sandhouse":[215],"(13%":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}