{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172266743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","title":"The Pontifex Minimus: William Willcocks and Engineering British Colonialism","display_name":"The Pontifex Minimus: William Willcocks and Engineering British Colonialism","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172266743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","mag":"2172266743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70236976","display_name":"Annals of Science","issn_l":"0003-3790","issn":["0003-3790","1464-505X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004229030","display_name":"Canay \u00d6zden\u2010Schilling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-309X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-309X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Canay Ozden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004229030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97981153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"183","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14160","display_name":"Water management and technologies","score":0.21889999508857727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14517","display_name":"Diverse Historical and Scientific Studies","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-engineering","display_name":"irrigation engineering","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-engineering","display_name":"colonial engineering","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-colonial-rule","display_name":"British colonial rule","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egypt","display_name":"Egypt","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesopotamia","display_name":"Mesopotamia","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-engineering","display_name":"history of engineering","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-management","display_name":"water management","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-empire","display_name":"British Empire","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.9002035856246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.6197571754455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776205810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001059","display_name":"Writ","level":2,"score":0.5679541826248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4326939582824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.431536465883255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501832835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8680","display_name":"British Empire","level":3,"score":0.42556747794151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44435123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12861","display_name":"Gunpowder","level":2,"score":0.42293402552604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3840031027793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.37257319688796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33962416648864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.320875346660614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25456780195236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21927037835121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2013.808378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70236976","display_name":"Annals of Science","issn_l":"0003-3790","issn":["0003-3790","1464-505X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W431366817","https://openalex.org/W560162425","https://openalex.org/W590432030","https://openalex.org/W621820186","https://openalex.org/W643566382","https://openalex.org/W1508493036","https://openalex.org/W1523378369","https://openalex.org/W1528944517","https://openalex.org/W1554341963","https://openalex.org/W1975039560","https://openalex.org/W1981815732","https://openalex.org/W2016048677","https://openalex.org/W2055038623","https://openalex.org/W2078409476","https://openalex.org/W2079155400","https://openalex.org/W2106414433","https://openalex.org/W2111912664","https://openalex.org/W2170026928","https://openalex.org/W2769886034","https://openalex.org/W2910241758","https://openalex.org/W4205545984","https://openalex.org/W4205688811","https://openalex.org/W4212926610","https://openalex.org/W4247126237","https://openalex.org/W4248177710","https://openalex.org/W4301056181","https://openalex.org/W4302037888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7145935333","https://openalex.org/W7145783780","https://openalex.org/W2111912664","https://openalex.org/W4416158660","https://openalex.org/W2314137232","https://openalex.org/W2496761092","https://openalex.org/W7205321458","https://openalex.org/W2016048677","https://openalex.org/W6887781661","https://openalex.org/W3130560290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SummarySir":[0],"William":[1],"Willcocks":[2,27,136],"(1852\u20131933)":[3],"was":[4,28,50,70,183],"a":[5,193],"prominent":[6],"British":[7,14,90],"irrigation":[8,46,65],"engineer":[9],"who":[10,140],"served":[11],"in":[12,32,47,144,179,184],"various":[13],"colonies.":[15],"Best":[16],"known":[17],"as":[18,201],"the":[19,23,40,53,59,63,73,79,89,110,117,130,145,155,165,174,185,202,206],"chief":[20],"designer":[21],"of":[22,42,55,67,75,114,132,176,208],"Old":[24],"Aswan":[25],"Dam,":[26],"born":[29],"and":[30,44,49,92,104,112,134,137,157,212],"trained":[31],"India,":[33],"achieved":[34],"prominence":[35],"with":[36,125,154],"his":[37,56],"contribution":[38],"to":[39,61,102,109,121,128,163],"development":[41],"centralized":[43],"perennial":[45],"Egypt,":[48],"hired":[51],"at":[52],"end":[54],"career":[57],"by":[58,78],"Ottomans":[60],"restore":[62],"ancient":[64],"works":[66],"Mesopotamia":[68],"(which":[69],"then":[71],"on":[72,116,148],"verge":[74],"being":[76],"acquired":[77,123],"British).":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82,106],"article,":[83],"I":[84],"follow":[85],"Willcocks'":[86,177],"voyages":[87],"across":[88],"Empire":[91],"show":[93],"how":[94,105],"hydraulic":[95],"science":[96],"moved":[97],"from":[98,150],"one":[99],"colonial":[100,171,194],"centre":[101],"another,":[103],"movement":[107],"contributed":[108],"construction":[111],"maintenance":[113],"colonialism":[115],"ground.":[118],"Often":[119],"sent":[120],"newly":[122],"territories":[124],"ambitious":[126],"projects":[127],"redesign":[129],"landscapes":[131],"property":[133],"agriculture,":[135],"other":[138,158],"engineers":[139],"gained":[141],"their":[142,151],"expertise":[143],"colonies":[146],"relied":[147],"lessons":[149],"day-to-day":[152],"struggle":[153],"land":[156],"social":[159],"actors'":[160],"competing":[161],"agendas":[162],"develop":[164],"daily":[166],"techniques":[167],"that":[168,187,196],"helped":[169],"establish":[170],"rule.":[172],"As":[173],"reception":[175],"work":[178],"London":[180],"illustrates,":[181],"it":[182],"metropole":[186],"engineers'":[188],"practices":[189],"were":[190],"translated":[191],"into":[192],"symbolism":[195],"had":[197],"large-scale":[198],"technical":[199],"systems":[200],"right":[203],"tools":[204],"for":[205],"job":[207],"subordinating":[209],"unruly":[210],"waters":[211],"Nature":[213],"writ":[214],"large.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
