{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172188174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","title":"From Government to Regulatory Governance: Privatization and the Residual Role of the State","display_name":"From Government to Regulatory Governance: Privatization and the Residual Role of the State","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172188174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","mag":"2172188174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wbro/lkl006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wbro/article-pdf/22/1/53/4658674/lkl006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117685085","display_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","issn_l":"0257-3032","issn":["0257-3032","1564-6971"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wbro/article-pdf/22/1/53/4658674/lkl006.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059185137","display_name":"Bernardo Bortolotti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Bortolotti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103540629","display_name":"Enrico C. Perotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-8667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-8667","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4413-0212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Perotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enrico Perotti is a professor at the University of Amsterdam and Centre for Economic Policy (CEPR) Fellow in Financial and Development Economics; his email address is","University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enrico Perotti is a professor at the University of Amsterdam and Centre for Economic Policy (CEPR) Fellow in Financial and Development Economics; his email address is","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3986,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3986},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4656,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97414481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privatization","display_name":"privatization","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-governance","display_name":"regulatory governance","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-ownership","display_name":"public ownership","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-intervention","display_name":"state intervention","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-development","display_name":"institutional development","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-capture","display_name":"regulatory capture","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"stakeholder engagement","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-society","display_name":"civil society","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-autonomy","display_name":"institutional autonomy","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7441057562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6617538332939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5706355571746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5231577157974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.4999063014984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.4746587574481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4533764719963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.4304276704788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40100955963134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3830720782279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3621455729007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3512499928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.33052289485931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.228581041097641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.16742992401123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15371045470237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08260980248451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/wbro/lkl006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wbro/article-pdf/22/1/53/4658674/lkl006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117685085","display_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","issn_l":"0257-3032","issn":["0257-3032","1564-6971"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.871953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.871953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.871953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire_cris_publications/114d600d-dfbc-4f0a-89b2-5338a496e277","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/114d600d-dfbc-4f0a-89b2-5338a496e277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bertolotti, B & Perotti, E C 2007, 'From Government to Regulatory Governance: Privatization and the Residual Role of the State', World Bank Research Observer, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:um:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:publications/114d600d-dfbc-4f0a-89b2-5338a496e277","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/114d600d-dfbc-4f0a-89b2-5338a496e277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Bank Research Observer, 22(1), 53 - 66. Oxford University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wbro/lkl006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkl006","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/wbro/article-pdf/22/1/53/4658674/lkl006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117685085","display_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","issn_l":"0257-3032","issn":["0257-3032","1564-6971"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320286","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320894","display_name":"Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/009gyvm78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321475","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326826","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2172188174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2172188174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498369396","https://openalex.org/W1506323255","https://openalex.org/W1510099608","https://openalex.org/W1510575919","https://openalex.org/W1519148697","https://openalex.org/W1522523211","https://openalex.org/W1525196501","https://openalex.org/W1528581310","https://openalex.org/W1534655367","https://openalex.org/W1535919104","https://openalex.org/W1537478267","https://openalex.org/W1537993900","https://openalex.org/W1541375009","https://openalex.org/W1548655193","https://openalex.org/W1566618596","https://openalex.org/W1572813172","https://openalex.org/W1578876217","https://openalex.org/W1588700100","https://openalex.org/W1607415233","https://openalex.org/W1607836685","https://openalex.org/W1693636048","https://openalex.org/W1799019926","https://openalex.org/W1874579127","https://openalex.org/W1964101251","https://openalex.org/W1972305687","https://openalex.org/W1981783550","https://openalex.org/W1986579464","https://openalex.org/W2010235856","https://openalex.org/W2030132760","https://openalex.org/W2062364592","https://openalex.org/W2067581646","https://openalex.org/W2075458270","https://openalex.org/W2080485486","https://openalex.org/W2098828746","https://openalex.org/W2100746853","https://openalex.org/W2115313442","https://openalex.org/W2119998031","https://openalex.org/W2120821941","https://openalex.org/W2121064173","https://openalex.org/W2133637048","https://openalex.org/W2139336680","https://openalex.org/W2140269385","https://openalex.org/W2141248675","https://openalex.org/W2143122080","https://openalex.org/W2144913057","https://openalex.org/W2153236871","https://openalex.org/W2155182483","https://openalex.org/W2164451921","https://openalex.org/W2168071758","https://openalex.org/W2169814545","https://openalex.org/W2170683223","https://openalex.org/W2174506338","https://openalex.org/W2278124925","https://openalex.org/W2291534684","https://openalex.org/W2891433665","https://openalex.org/W2891535705","https://openalex.org/W2891722522","https://openalex.org/W2892201393","https://openalex.org/W3000564869","https://openalex.org/W3022212517","https://openalex.org/W3121348658","https://openalex.org/W3122129369","https://openalex.org/W3122596610","https://openalex.org/W3122607773","https://openalex.org/W3122684442","https://openalex.org/W3122685106","https://openalex.org/W3122763024","https://openalex.org/W3123416450","https://openalex.org/W3123791013","https://openalex.org/W3123987384","https://openalex.org/W3124270522","https://openalex.org/W3124753968","https://openalex.org/W3125168079","https://openalex.org/W3125363132","https://openalex.org/W4206975539","https://openalex.org/W4229675681","https://openalex.org/W4237051656","https://openalex.org/W4240669445","https://openalex.org/W4247371171","https://openalex.org/W4248433151","https://openalex.org/W4250120800","https://openalex.org/W4254832804","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299633932","https://openalex.org/W6666254188","https://openalex.org/W6812365710","https://openalex.org/W7055503330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216958016","https://openalex.org/W2218617808","https://openalex.org/W1801755387","https://openalex.org/W2480196086","https://openalex.org/W2326323019","https://openalex.org/W2066016214","https://openalex.org/W2014311302","https://openalex.org/W2782309600","https://openalex.org/W2287500115","https://openalex.org/W4294771468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,150],"reviews":[2],"the":[3,8,21,27,36,69,79,140],"state":[4],"of":[5,11,23,29,78,84,103,118,129,142,146,174],"thinking":[6],"on":[7,20,168],"governance":[9,17,43,96,113],"role":[10],"public":[12],"ownership":[13],"and":[14,123,177,186],"control.":[15],"Optimal":[16],"systems":[18],"depend":[19],"path":[22],"institutional":[24,66],"development.":[25],"Nevertheless,":[26],"transfer":[28,85],"operational":[30],"control":[31,165],"over":[32],"productive":[33],"assets":[34],"to":[35,53,60,72,75,89,98,139],"private":[37,62,124],"sector":[38],"often":[39],"yields":[40],"a":[41,93,169,181],"desirable":[42],"system,":[44,97],"because":[45],"it":[46],"may":[47],"be":[48,73,87,106],"more":[49],"difficult":[50],"for":[51,58,153],"citizens":[52],"constrain":[54],"political":[55,122,134],"abuse":[56],"than":[57],"governments":[59],"regulate":[61],"activity.":[63],"In":[64],"weak":[65],"environments,":[67],"however,":[68],"process":[70,182],"needs":[71],"structured":[74],"avoid":[76],"capture":[77],"regulatory":[80,95,147,157],"process.":[81],"The":[82,126,149],"speed":[83],"should":[86],"matched":[88],"progress":[90],"in":[91,156,159,180],"developing":[92],"strong":[94],"which":[99],"certain":[100],"residual":[101],"rights":[102],"intervention":[104],"must":[105,136],"vested.":[107],"After":[108],"all,":[109],"\u201cinstitutions\u201d":[110],"are":[111],"simply":[112],"mechanisms":[114],"with":[115,172],"some":[116],"degree":[117],"autonomy":[119],"from":[120,133],"both":[121],"interests.":[125],"gradual":[127],"creation":[128],"institutions":[130],"partially":[131],"shielded":[132],"power":[135],"become":[137],"central":[138],"development":[141],"an":[143,163],"optimal":[144],"mode":[145],"governance.":[148],"presents":[151],"suggestions":[152],"establishing":[154],"accountability":[155],"governance,":[158],"particular":[160],"by":[161],"creating":[162],"internal":[164],"system":[166],"based":[167],"rotating":[170],"board":[171],"representatives":[173],"users,":[175],"producers,":[176],"civil":[178],"society,":[179],"involving":[183],"frequent":[184],"reporting":[185],"disclosure.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}