{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172105174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10425","title":"Prospective study of phobic anxiety and risk of Parkinson's disease","display_name":"Prospective study of phobic anxiety and risk of Parkinson's disease","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172105174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10425","mag":"2172105174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12784267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/mds.10425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163027424","display_name":"Movement Disorders","issn_l":"0885-3185","issn":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Movement Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086410623","display_name":"Marc G. Weisskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-9834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc G. Weisskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. mweissko@hsph.harvard.edu","Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. mweissko@hsph.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010092165","display_name":"Honglei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-7779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-7779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041777746","display_name":"Michael A. Schwarzschild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-8280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-8280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Schwarzschild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056849976","display_name":"Ichiro I. Kawachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-2821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-2821","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-4456","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-1420","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1340-0981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ichiro Kawachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077804573","display_name":"Alberto Ascherio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-3294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-3294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Ascherio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086410623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86384709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"646","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phobic-anxiety","display_name":"phobic anxiety","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease-risk","display_name":"Parkinson's disease risk","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-disorders","display_name":"anxiety disorders","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiolytics","display_name":"anxiolytics","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professionals-follow-up-study","display_name":"Health Professionals Follow-up Study","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/men","display_name":"men","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.8034341335296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6618624329566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5702974200248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.556875467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.5246015787124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5147457122802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5107717514038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.4803529977798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.47899100184440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.40771403908729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.38232678174972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3809328079223633}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010698","descriptor_name":"Phobic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/mds.10425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163027424","display_name":"Movement Disorders","issn_l":"0885-3185","issn":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Movement Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12784267","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12784267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G48322251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS 35624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7441798350","display_name":"DIETARY ETIOLOGIES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND PARKINSONS","funder_award_id":"R01NS035624","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45607133","https://openalex.org/W1662134094","https://openalex.org/W1721898348","https://openalex.org/W1993781894","https://openalex.org/W2020370964","https://openalex.org/W2022533807","https://openalex.org/W2023341682","https://openalex.org/W2027328931","https://openalex.org/W2027845654","https://openalex.org/W2029928771","https://openalex.org/W2030928752","https://openalex.org/W2038227373","https://openalex.org/W2042266196","https://openalex.org/W2045625509","https://openalex.org/W2070677106","https://openalex.org/W2073194440","https://openalex.org/W2073510242","https://openalex.org/W2073702980","https://openalex.org/W2077151956","https://openalex.org/W2083602172","https://openalex.org/W2093271285","https://openalex.org/W2096224638","https://openalex.org/W2100724036","https://openalex.org/W2103172333","https://openalex.org/W2105616820","https://openalex.org/W2115472654","https://openalex.org/W2119701343","https://openalex.org/W2124051700","https://openalex.org/W2128772256","https://openalex.org/W2149148061","https://openalex.org/W2150792183","https://openalex.org/W2304217084","https://openalex.org/W2339853530","https://openalex.org/W2398575724","https://openalex.org/W2400533248","https://openalex.org/W2428491182","https://openalex.org/W2468238184","https://openalex.org/W4234841253","https://openalex.org/W4320577279","https://openalex.org/W4320996190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106776924","https://openalex.org/W4393043037","https://openalex.org/W2066792768","https://openalex.org/W4413376231","https://openalex.org/W162309503","https://openalex.org/W4406291179","https://openalex.org/W7160537307","https://openalex.org/W2022533807","https://openalex.org/W2893683689","https://openalex.org/W2563781617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anxiety":[0],"disorders":[1],"are":[2],"common":[3],"in":[4,21,55,134],"Parkinson's":[5],"disease":[6],"(PD).":[7],"However,":[8],"the":[9,32,50,85,93,118,135,170,195],"risk":[10,87,151,175,185],"of":[11,39,70,75,88,96,101,121,130,139,142,152,176,197],"PD":[12,71,89,131,153],"among":[13,90],"people":[14],"with":[15,92,117,132,148],"anxiety":[16,46,53,97,173,182],"has":[17],"not":[18,167],"been":[19],"examined":[20,27],"a":[22,37,184,202],"prospective":[23],"cohort":[24,38],"study.":[25],"We":[26],"this":[28,163,190],"relation":[29],"prospectively":[30],"within":[31],"Health":[33],"Professionals":[34],"Follow-Up":[35],"Study,":[36],"US":[40],"male":[41],"health":[42],"professionals.":[43],"In":[44],"1988,":[45],"was":[47,105,145],"assessed":[48],"using":[49],"Crown-Crisp":[51],"phobic":[52],"index":[54,99],"35,815":[56],"men":[57,91,116],"without":[58],"PD,":[59],"stroke,":[60],"or":[61,194],"cancer":[62],"at":[63],"baseline.":[64],"There":[65],"were":[66],"189":[67],"incident":[68],"cases":[69,129],"during":[72],"12":[73],"years":[74,138],"follow-up.":[76,140],"After":[77],"adjusting":[78,161],"for":[79,162,187],"age,":[80],"smoking,":[81],"and":[82,103,174],"caffeine":[83],"intake,":[84],"relative":[86],"highest":[94],"level":[95,120],"(Crown-Crisp":[98],"scores":[100],"4":[102],"above)":[104],"1.5":[106],"(95%":[107],"CI":[108,157],"=":[109,112,158],"1.0-2.1;":[110],"P-trend":[111],"0.01)":[113],"compared":[114],"to":[115],"lowest":[119],"anxiety.":[122],"This":[123],"positive":[124],"association":[125,171,191],"persisted":[126],"after":[127],"excluding":[128],"onset":[133],"first":[136],"2":[137],"Use":[141],"anxiolytic":[143],"medication":[144],"also":[146],"associated":[147],"an":[149],"elevated":[150],"(RR=":[154],"1.6;":[155],"95%":[156],"0.9-3.1),":[159],"but":[160],"potential":[164],"confounder":[165],"did":[166],"materially":[168],"affect":[169],"between":[172],"PD.":[177,188],"Our":[178],"results":[179],"suggest":[180],"that":[181],"is":[183,192],"factor":[186],"Whether":[189],"causal":[193],"result":[196],"shared":[198],"underlying":[199],"biology":[200],"remains":[201],"question.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}