{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171908302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0018","title":"The Inflatable, Collapsible Kingdom of Retribution: A Primer on Japanese Hell Imagery and Imagination","display_name":"The Inflatable, Collapsible Kingdom of Retribution: A Primer on Japanese Hell Imagery and Imagination","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171908302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0018","mag":"2171908302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/mni.0.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150866770","display_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","issn_l":"0027-0741","issn":["0027-0741","1880-1390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313528","host_organization_name":"Sophia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sophia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083500835","display_name":"Caroline Hirasawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Hirasawa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083500835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.6582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98333993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.5077999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11563","display_name":"Indian and Buddhist Studies","score":0.5077999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.4706999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12680","display_name":"Cultural and Mythological Studies","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1200","display_name":"General Arts and Humanities"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hell-imagery","display_name":"hell imagery","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-buddhism","display_name":"Japanese Buddhism","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buddhist-cosmology","display_name":"Buddhist cosmology","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afterlife","display_name":"afterlife","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damnation","display_name":"damnation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karma","display_name":"karma","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retribution","display_name":"retribution","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salvation","display_name":"salvation","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folk-religion","display_name":"folk religion","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538439097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623282","display_name":"Afterlife","level":2,"score":0.8168407678604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110928126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519270","display_name":"Retributive justice","level":3,"score":0.7249090671539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75699723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748","display_name":"Buddhism","level":2,"score":0.5916907787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5654988884925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776432533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513117","display_name":"Damnation","level":2,"score":0.5197871923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547328371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132196","display_name":"Karma","level":3,"score":0.5181090235710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776515129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306218","display_name":"Redress","level":2,"score":0.48119908571243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.4640888571739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4520856440067291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.434476763010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.38822272419929504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3621625304222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.3353580832481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32715314626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3148292899131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2968146800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.22606199979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.20381835103034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.17986544966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.1773947775363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12446874380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/mni.0.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.0.0018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150866770","display_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","issn_l":"0027-0741","issn":["0027-0741","1880-1390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313528","host_organization_name":"Sophia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sophia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/239850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/59/article/239850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572051156","https://openalex.org/W578272412","https://openalex.org/W587634771","https://openalex.org/W640725556","https://openalex.org/W640854953","https://openalex.org/W646523893","https://openalex.org/W1560675797","https://openalex.org/W2003727510","https://openalex.org/W2063722201","https://openalex.org/W2089156749","https://openalex.org/W2093668767","https://openalex.org/W2101089814","https://openalex.org/W2109200580","https://openalex.org/W2315090971","https://openalex.org/W2317622378","https://openalex.org/W2332086916","https://openalex.org/W2569348731","https://openalex.org/W2618397628","https://openalex.org/W2796198614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487750549","https://openalex.org/W7134561325","https://openalex.org/W2061655274","https://openalex.org/W2794888193","https://openalex.org/W4391396001","https://openalex.org/W7124123588","https://openalex.org/W7197724449","https://openalex.org/W3083490956","https://openalex.org/W2498532833","https://openalex.org/W2962224167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,169,576,636],"Inflatable,":[1],"Collapsible":[2],"Kingdom":[3],"of":[4,17,35,49,59,64,101,118,121,131,165,172,205,244,309,317,350,353,391,413,415,423,443,445,469,475,489,527,557,609,625,669,674],"RetributionA":[5],"Primer":[6],"on":[7,47,106,453,505],"Japanese":[8,21],"Hell":[9],"Imagery":[10],"and":[11,24,33,51,67,126,150,162,188,207,233,237,254,258,302,327,337,380,394,410,429,437,450,478,589,615,643],"Imagination":[12],"Caroline":[13],"Hirasawa":[14],"(bio)":[15],"Imaginations":[16],"hell":[18,96,176,250,278,357,372,424,446,485],"appeared":[19],"in":[20,27,76,85,95,108,111,133,154,159,222,256,375,420,447,463,483,567,630],"literature,":[22],"painting,":[23],"performance":[25],"beginning":[26],"the":[28,56,86,102,112,119,134,163,189,203,216,227,240,245,340,351,361,365,376,407,440,454,460,508,546,568,580,618],"classical":[29],"period.1":[30],"Gruesome":[31],"depictions":[32],"accounts":[34],"an":[36,60,99,198,490,534,554],"infernal":[37],"afterlife":[38],"cautioned":[39],"laymen":[40],"to":[41,54,123,194,202,218,262,282,287,331,371,396,405,458,499,511,663],"lead":[42],"upstanding":[43],"lives,":[44],"promoted":[45],"rites":[46],"behalf":[48],"sufferers,":[50],"exhorted":[52],"monks":[53,325],"obey":[55],"precepts.":[57],"Narrations":[58],"infallibly":[61],"fair":[62],"process":[63,120],"judgment":[65,149],"reassured":[66],"threatened":[68],"that,":[69],"whatever":[70],"we":[71,90,104,502,582],"may":[72],"get":[73],"away":[74],"with":[75,141,304],"this":[77,310,318,626],"world,":[78],"mechanisms":[79],"ensuring":[80],"perfect":[81],"justice":[82],"await":[83],"us":[84,193],"next.":[87],"Postulations":[88],"that":[89,181,260,480,597],"determine":[91],"our":[92,223],"own":[93],"misery":[94],"guaranteed":[97],"redress;":[98],"experience":[100,164],"pains":[103],"inflict":[105],"others":[107],"life":[109],"rebounds":[110],"afterlife.":[113],"Such":[114],"explications":[115],"ascribed":[116],"management":[117],"retribution":[122,151],"both":[124],"external":[125],"internal":[127],"forces.":[128],"Numerous":[129],"characterizations":[130,506],"damnation":[132],"Buddhist":[135,160,416,451,513],"canon":[136],"set":[137],"out":[138],"threats":[139],"combined":[140],"moral":[142],"instruction;":[143],"they":[144,329,433],"describe":[145,175],"[End":[146,570],"Page":[147,571],"1]":[148],"as":[152,167,177,356,432,487,665],"occurring":[153],"actual":[155],"places,":[156],"precisely":[157],"located":[158],"cosmologies,":[161],"punishment":[166],"physical.":[168],"same":[170,341],"range":[171],"sources":[173],"simultaneously":[174],"provisional.":[178],"They":[179],"explain":[180],"delusions":[182],"arising":[183],"from":[184,497,507,661],"attachment,":[185],"evil":[186],"deeds,":[187],"resultant":[190],"karma":[191],"cause":[192],"hallucinate":[195],"or":[196,214],"fabricate":[197],"entire":[199,228],"kingdom":[200],"dedicated":[201],"task":[204],"ascertaining":[206],"administering":[208],"suitable":[209],"punishment.":[210],"We":[211],"can":[212],"appropriate":[213],"enlist":[215],"power":[217],"disassemble":[219],"hell's":[220],"foundations":[221],"minds,":[224],"thereby":[225],"vanquishing":[226],"bloodcurdling":[229],"apparatus.":[230],"These":[231,587],"visceral":[232],"transcendent":[234,369],"conceptualizations":[235],"coexisted":[236],"competed.":[238],"As":[239],"most":[241],"extreme":[242],"example":[243],"suffering":[246],"incurred":[247],"by":[248,383,531,553,604],"existence,":[249],"repeatedly":[251],"was":[252,267,279,294],"engineered":[253],"displayed":[255],"texts":[257,465],"images":[259],"attested":[261],"its":[263,285,392],"concrete":[264],"substantiality-and":[265],"then":[266],"systematically":[268],"eclipsed.":[269],"Occupying":[270],"a":[271,275,347,594,600,605],"relative":[272],"position":[273],"within":[274],"larger":[276],"system,":[277],"always":[280],"tied":[281],"salvation,":[283],"but":[284,334],"relationship":[286],"salvation":[288],"shifted":[289],"over":[290],"time.":[291],"This":[292,550],"evolution":[293],"not":[295],"linear.":[296],"Old":[297],"forms":[298],"persisted,":[299],"died":[300],"out,":[301],"reappeared":[303],"new":[305,427],"force.":[306],"In":[307,472],"spite":[308],"continual":[311],"reconfiguration,":[312],"consistent":[313],"premises":[314],"governed":[315],"imaginations":[316],"realm.":[319],"Distinctions":[320],"were":[321,346],"made":[322],"between":[323],"what":[324,328],"studied":[326],"taught":[330],"save":[332],"others,":[333],"fundamentally":[335],"clerics":[336],"commoners":[338],"shared":[339],"ambiguous":[342],"paradigms.":[343],"Hell's":[344,386],"terrors":[345],"standard":[348],"component":[349],"worldview":[352],"monastics,":[354],"while,":[355],"increasingly":[358,621],"passed":[359],"into":[360],"public":[362],"domain":[363],"during":[364],"Edo":[366],"period,":[367],"dynamic,":[368],"responses":[370],"ideology":[373],"flourished":[374],"print":[377],"culture":[378],"produced":[379],"avidly":[381],"consumed":[382],"lay":[384],"commoners.":[385],"familiarity":[387],"bred":[388],"subversive":[389],"uses":[390],"structures":[393],"led":[395],"other":[397],"spirited":[398],"appropriations.":[399],"Some":[400],"popular":[401],"reinventions":[402],"even":[403],"came":[404],"rival":[406],"sophisticated":[408],"doctrinal":[409],"ritual":[411],"formulations":[412],"generations":[414],"intellectuals.":[417],"Geography":[418],"Originating":[419],"India,":[421],"conceptions":[422],"picked":[425],"up":[426],"attributes":[428],"finer":[430],"delineation":[431],"migrated":[434],"across":[435],"China":[436],"Korea.":[438],"Although":[439],"chronological":[441],"development":[442],"notions":[444],"Hindu,":[448],"Jain,":[449],"thought":[452],"subcontinent":[455],"is":[456,579,628],"difficult":[457],"determine,":[459],"sparse":[461],"descriptions":[462],"early":[464],"clearly":[466],"contain":[467],"seeds":[468],"later":[470],"elaborations.2":[471],"Chinese":[473],"translations":[474],"Indian":[476],"sutras":[477],"commentaries":[479],"circulated":[481],"widely":[482],"Japan,":[484],"functioned":[486],"part":[488],"immense":[491],"cosmology.":[492],"Its":[493],"contours":[494],"vary":[495],"greatly":[496],"text":[498],"text;":[500],"here":[501],"will":[503],"concentrate":[504],"often-consulted":[509],"fourth-":[510],"fifth-century":[512],"encyclopedia,":[514],"Apidamo":[515],"jushe":[516],"lun":[517],"(Jp.":[518],"Abidatsuma":[519],"kusha":[520],"ron,":[521],"hereafter":[522],"Jushe":[523],"lun).3":[524],"Seven":[525],"rings":[526],"mountain":[528,536,619],"ranges":[529],"divided":[530],"seas":[532,637],"surround":[533],"enormous":[535],"called":[537,559,632],"My\u014dk\u014dsen":[538,614,644],"(a.k.a.":[539],"Shumisen":[540],").":[541],"A":[542],"vast":[543],"ocean":[544],"encompasses":[545],"outer,":[547],"seventh":[548],"range.":[549],"sea,":[551],"bounded":[552],"eighth":[555],"rim":[556],"mountains":[558],"Tetsurin'isen":[560],"(also":[561],"Tetchisen":[562],"),":[563],"contains":[564],"four":[565],"continents":[566],"cardinal":[569],"2]":[572],"directions":[573],"around":[574],"My\u014dk\u014dsen.":[575],"southern":[577],"continent":[578],"world":[581],"live":[583],"in,":[584],"Senbush\u016b":[585],".":[586],"water":[588,601],"land":[590],"masses":[591],"rest":[592],"upon":[593,599],"golden":[595],"disc":[596,602],"sits":[598],"supported":[603],"wind":[606],"disc.4":[607],"Dozens":[608],"heavens":[610],"occupy":[611],"stages":[612],"along":[613],"float":[616],"above":[617,649],"at":[620],"astronomical":[622],"altitudes.":[623],"Measurement":[624],"universe":[627],"calculated":[629],"units":[631],"yuzenna(or":[633],"yujun":[634],").5":[635],"are":[638],"eighty":[639,646],"thousand":[640,647],"yuzenna":[641,648],"deep,":[642],"rises":[645],"sea":[650],"level.":[651],"Eight":[652],"great":[653],"hells":[654],"(hachi":[655],"daijigoku)":[656],"lie":[657],"beneath":[658],"Senbush\u016b,":[659],"listed":[660],"top":[662],"bottom":[664],"T\u014dkatsu":[666],"jigoku":[667,672],"(Hell":[668,673],"Revival),":[670],"Kokuj\u014d":[671],"Black":[675],"Ropes),":[676],"Shug\u014d":[677],"jigoku...":[678]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
