{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171892238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","title":"The Advantage of Sex in the RNA Virus \u03c66","display_name":"The Advantage of Sex in the RNA Virus \u03c66","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171892238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","mag":"2171892238","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9383044","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1208270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65932378","display_name":"Genetics","issn_l":"0016-6731","issn":["0016-6731","1943-2631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1208270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110265164","display_name":"Lin Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4114-5841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4114-5841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA","Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106171871","display_name":"Thu T Tran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thu T Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106171871","display_name":"Thu T Tran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thutrang T Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":4477,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4477},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90716043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"147","issue":"3","first_page":"953","last_page":"959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muller-s-ratchet","display_name":"Muller's ratchet","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteriophage-phi6","display_name":"bacteriophage phi6","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-viruses","display_name":"RNA viruses","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-drift","display_name":"genetic drift","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deleterious-mutations","display_name":"deleterious mutations","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-bottleneck","display_name":"population bottleneck","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterosis","display_name":"heterosis","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution-of-sex","display_name":"evolution of sex","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness-decline","display_name":"physical fitness decline","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8619509935379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777694918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11171014","display_name":"Ratchet","level":3,"score":0.6487008929252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6071257591247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87590526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3592884","display_name":"Experimental evolution","level":3,"score":0.49849772453308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4795486629009247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62372509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470347","display_name":"Ratchet effect","level":4,"score":0.47954389452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80990810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486420","display_name":"Genetic drift","level":4,"score":0.4485824406147003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.441611647605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.22075411677360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.16012564301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07282751798629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017126","descriptor_name":"Bacteriophage phi 6","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65932378","display_name":"Genetics","issn_l":"0016-6731","issn":["0016-6731","1943-2631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:321465","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1208270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9383044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9383044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:321465","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1208270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581042256","https://openalex.org/W1789669873","https://openalex.org/W1997663263","https://openalex.org/W2001505139","https://openalex.org/W2020993792","https://openalex.org/W2045716211","https://openalex.org/W2047075963","https://openalex.org/W2055633360","https://openalex.org/W2063034269","https://openalex.org/W2064052093","https://openalex.org/W2080449796","https://openalex.org/W2123207336","https://openalex.org/W2326980314","https://openalex.org/W2331835223","https://openalex.org/W2730153167","https://openalex.org/W2944952802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326980314","https://openalex.org/W2001505139","https://openalex.org/W2109979605","https://openalex.org/W4255086890","https://openalex.org/W1598652152","https://openalex.org/W2030787698","https://openalex.org/W2119044344","https://openalex.org/W4400952264","https://openalex.org/W2068258718","https://openalex.org/W4237973523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0,59],"laboratory":[1],"populations":[2,61,119,133],"of":[3,27,48,57,67,69,78,113,120,141,150,170,197],"the":[4,24,46,75,100,105,132,139,195],"RNA":[5],"bacteriophage":[6],"phi6":[7,60,106,121],"are":[8,33],"subjected":[9,63],"to":[10,35,64,92,152,156,184,188],"intensified":[11],"genetic":[12],"drift,":[13],"they":[14,32],"experience":[15],"a":[16,65,86,110,192],"decline":[17],"in":[18,42],"fitness.":[19],"These":[20,162],"experiments":[21,107],"demonstrate":[22],"that":[23,37,117],"average":[25],"effect":[26],"mutations":[28],"is":[29],"deleterious,":[30],"and":[31,72,182],"used":[34],"suggest":[36],"Muller's":[38,49,173,189],"ratchet":[39,50,190],"can":[40,97],"operate":[41],"these":[43],"viruses.":[44],"However,":[45,127,175],"operation":[47],"does":[51],"not":[52,81],"alone":[53],"guarantee":[54],"an":[55,135,148,168,186],"advantage":[56,77,149,169],"sex.":[58,198],"were":[62],"series":[66],"bottlenecks":[68],"one":[70],"individual":[71],"then":[73],"crossed,":[74],"measured":[76],"sex":[79,151,171],"was":[80,154],"significant.":[82],"To":[83],"determine":[84],"whether":[85],"small":[87],"sample":[88],"size,":[89],"as":[90,191],"opposed":[91],"allelism":[93],"or":[94],"another":[95],"explanation,":[96],"account":[98],"for":[99,167,194],"negative":[101],"result,":[102],"we":[103,176],"repeated":[104],"by":[108,130],"crossing":[109,131],"larger":[111],"set":[112],"populations.":[114],"We":[115],"found":[116],"bottlenecked":[118],"could":[122],"recover":[123],"fitness":[124],"through":[125,172],"mutations.":[126,142],"hybrids":[128],"produced":[129],"recovered":[134],"additional":[136,144],"amount":[137],"over":[138],"contribution":[140],"This":[143],"amount,":[145],"which":[146],"represents":[147],"phi6,":[153],"determined":[155],"be":[157],"significantly":[158],"greater":[159],"than":[160],"zero.":[161],"results":[163,183],"provide":[164],"indirect":[165],"support":[166],"ratchet.":[174],"also":[177],"use":[178],"our":[179],"experimental":[180],"design":[181],"propose":[185],"alternative":[187],"model":[193],"evolution":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}