{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171854950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702001163","title":"EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MANURE, FERTILIZERS AND GREEN MANURING IN RICE-WHEAT SYSTEMS IN BHUTAN: RESULTS FROM A LONG-TERM EXPERIMENT","display_name":"EFFECTS OF FARMYARD MANURE, FERTILIZERS AND GREEN MANURING IN RICE-WHEAT SYSTEMS IN BHUTAN: RESULTS FROM A LONG-TERM EXPERIMENT","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171854950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702001163","mag":"2171854950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0014479702001163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702001163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702001163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167675576","display_name":"Experimental Agriculture","issn_l":"0014-4797","issn":["0014-4797","1469-4441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000702445","display_name":"G. B. Chettri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. B. CHETTRI","raw_affiliation_strings":["RNR-RC Bajo, Bajothang, Wangdue-Phodrang, Bhutan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RNR-RC Bajo, Bajothang, Wangdue-Phodrang, Bhutan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070118155","display_name":"Mahesh Ghimiray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. GHIMIRAY","raw_affiliation_strings":["RNR-RC Bajo, Bajothang, Wangdue-Phodrang, Bhutan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RNR-RC Bajo, Bajothang, Wangdue-Phodrang, Bhutan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065052567","display_name":"C.N. Floyd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. N. FLOYD","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Soil Services Centre, Semtokha, Thimphu, Bhutan","Present address: Belfontaine, La Grande Route des Sablons, Grouville, Jersey JE3 9FP, Channel Islands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Soil Services Centre, Semtokha, Thimphu, Bhutan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Present address: Belfontaine, La Grande Route des Sablons, Grouville, Jersey JE3 9FP, Channel Islands","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73145904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"129","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmyard-manure","display_name":"farmyard manure","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-manure","display_name":"green manure","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sesbania-aculeata","display_name":"Sesbania aculeata","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-wheat-cropping-system","display_name":"rice-wheat cropping system","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus-fertilization","display_name":"phosphorus fertilization","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-substitution","display_name":"fertilizer substitution","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-carbon","display_name":"organic carbon","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nitrogen","display_name":"soil nitrogen","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/available-potassium","display_name":"available potassium","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-saturation","display_name":"base saturation","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-yield","display_name":"rice yield","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-yield","display_name":"wheat yield","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-field-experiment","display_name":"long-term field experiment","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhutan","display_name":"Bhutan","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7517741918563843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311305","display_name":"Sesbania","level":2,"score":0.7146554589271545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6637221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202050865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35852","display_name":"Hectare","level":3,"score":0.658919632434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190638079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954381","display_name":"Green manure","level":2,"score":0.5657732486724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.555122971534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12534583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10564271","display_name":"Potash","level":3,"score":0.49288010597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779342048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356031","display_name":"Transplanting","level":3,"score":0.48650115728378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4818654954433441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4463304579257965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105462344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142554","display_name":"Nutrient management","level":3,"score":0.44432175159454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52752977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370316","display_name":"Rotation system","level":3,"score":0.4158877432346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.4101906418800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4078103005886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.30621111392974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.16623860597610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16376540064811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1264268457889557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.10197126865386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0014479702001163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702001163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702001163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167675576","display_name":"Experimental Agriculture","issn_l":"0014-4797","issn":["0014-4797","1469-4441"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Experimental Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W267972154","https://openalex.org/W2123961034","https://openalex.org/W2521195862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749505895","https://openalex.org/W1969126429","https://openalex.org/W2289047394","https://openalex.org/W3107788484","https://openalex.org/W2283369169","https://openalex.org/W2390145498","https://openalex.org/W7140199333","https://openalex.org/W2795446175","https://openalex.org/W2089394460","https://openalex.org/W4317693879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"experiment":[1],"conducted":[2],"from":[3,75],"1988":[4],"to":[5,7,60,77,105,135,223],"1997":[6],"determine":[8],"the":[9,12,62,65,106,120,125,128,137,140,158,162,206,209],"effects":[10,138],"of":[11,14,20,26,53,100,124,139,198,208,213,229],"timing":[13],"application":[15,42,52,88,99,165],"and":[16,40,64,116,144,174,178],"nutrient":[17],"supply":[18],"(particularly":[19],"phosphorus)":[21],"is":[22],"reported.":[23],"The":[24,51],"sources":[25],"applied":[27],"nutrients":[28],"that":[29],"were":[30,32],"compared":[31],"farmyard":[33,56,90,217],"manure,":[34],"pre-rice":[35],"green-manuring":[36],"with":[37],"Sesbania":[38],"aculeata":[39],"fertilizer":[41,146,164],"in":[43,114,119,148,188,202],"a":[44,48,199],"rice-wheat":[45],"rotation":[46,107],"on":[47,84,157],"typic":[49],"ustifluvent.":[50],"seven":[54,215],"tonnes":[55,216],"manure":[57,91,218],"per":[58,219],"hectare":[59,220],"both":[61],"rice":[63,115,150,184,226],"wheat":[66,159],"crops":[67],"over":[68,205],"eight":[69],"years":[70,123,192],"increased":[71,166,170],"organic":[72],"carbon":[73],"levels":[74,177],"1.4":[76],"1.6%":[78],"but":[79,161],"had":[80,154],"no":[81,155,195],"yield":[82,111,160,200],"effect":[83,156],"either":[85,203],"crop.":[86],"Phosphorus":[87],"through":[89],"was":[92,133,194],"not":[93],"adequate":[94,222],"for":[95,186],"rice,":[96],"whilst":[97],"an":[98,109],"34":[101],"kg":[102],"P":[103],"ha\u22121":[104,232],"gave":[108],"economic":[110],"increase":[112],"only":[113,118],"then":[117],"first":[121],"four":[122],"experiment.":[126,210],"From":[127],"third":[129],"year,":[130],"green":[131],"manuring":[132,153,169],"able":[134],"replace":[136],"recommended":[141,163],"nitrogen,":[142],"phosphorus":[143],"potassium":[145,176],"applications":[147],"increasing":[149],"yield.":[151,167],"Green":[152,168],"soil":[171],"total":[172],"nitrogen":[173],"available":[175],"reduced":[179],"base":[180],"saturation.":[181],"After":[182],"adjusting":[183],"yields":[185,228],"variation":[187],"transplanting":[189],"date":[190],"between":[191],"there":[193],"statistical":[196],"evidence":[197],"trend":[201],"crop":[204],"period":[207],"Farmers'":[211],"practice":[212],"applying":[214],"appears":[221],"produce":[224],"stable":[225],"paddy":[227],"4\u20136":[230],"t":[231],"a\u22121.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
