{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171728447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140518","title":"DEVELOPMENT OF TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS FOR PCB CONGENERS AND THE ASSESSMENT OF TCDD AND PCB MIXTURES IN RAINBOW TROUT","display_name":"DEVELOPMENT OF TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS FOR PCB CONGENERS AND THE ASSESSMENT OF TCDD AND PCB MIXTURES IN RAINBOW TROUT","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171728447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140518","mag":"2171728447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/etc.5620140518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136710263","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","issn_l":"0730-7268","issn":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111820043","display_name":"John L. Newsted","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John L. Newsted","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006354670","display_name":"Paul D. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-5380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-5380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul D. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009044499","display_name":"John Paul Giesy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1931-9962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1931-9962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Giesy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055600750","display_name":"Robert A Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-641X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-641X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Pesticide Research Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1222","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038610645","display_name":"Gerald T. Ankley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-615X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9937-615X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald T. Ankley","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, Minnesota 55804-1136"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, Minnesota 55804-1136","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051169764","display_name":"Donald E. Tillitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald E. Tillitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Biological Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, Missouri 65201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Biological Survey, 4200 New Haven Rd., Columbia, Missouri 65201","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031847178","display_name":"Jay W. Gooch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317227900","display_name":"University System of Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01r0c1p88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317227900"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay W. Gooch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland System, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland 20688-0038"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland System, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland 20688-0038","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317227900"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051447398","display_name":"Michael S. Denison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-2497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-2497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Denison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111820043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99150298,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"861","last_page":"861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10686","display_name":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-equivalency-factors","display_name":"toxic equivalency factors","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polychlorinated-biphenyls","display_name":"polychlorinated biphenyls","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-3-7-8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin","display_name":"2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainbow-trout","display_name":"rainbow trout","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp1a-induction","display_name":"CYP1A induction","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase","display_name":"ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcb-mixtures","display_name":"PCB mixtures","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-toxicity","display_name":"combined toxicity","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcb-77","display_name":"PCB 77","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcb-126","display_name":"PCB 126","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcb-169","display_name":"PCB 169","score":0.9919999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994167347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187986","display_name":"Rainbow trout","level":3,"score":0.9689332246780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5537989139556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.4544960558414459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.4457722008228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.44189316034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.40142473578453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.31775182485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3016446530818939}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/etc.5620140518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136710263","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","issn_l":"0730-7268","issn":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[861:doteff]2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[861:doteff]2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[861:doteff]2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136710263","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","issn_l":"0730-7268","issn":["0730-7268","1552-8618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540441466","https://openalex.org/W1964542049","https://openalex.org/W1966871717","https://openalex.org/W1967004681","https://openalex.org/W1968696315","https://openalex.org/W1971839334","https://openalex.org/W1973350635","https://openalex.org/W1975638562","https://openalex.org/W1976567887","https://openalex.org/W1979995462","https://openalex.org/W1982966815","https://openalex.org/W1984490307","https://openalex.org/W1986008480","https://openalex.org/W1994695524","https://openalex.org/W1998819736","https://openalex.org/W2002249367","https://openalex.org/W2005528959","https://openalex.org/W2007521960","https://openalex.org/W2008605919","https://openalex.org/W2012583507","https://openalex.org/W2012933835","https://openalex.org/W2014920652","https://openalex.org/W2015039040","https://openalex.org/W2024428183","https://openalex.org/W2036176952","https://openalex.org/W2037943982","https://openalex.org/W2045029636","https://openalex.org/W2047542016","https://openalex.org/W2048536830","https://openalex.org/W2053222317","https://openalex.org/W2056203338","https://openalex.org/W2059465975","https://openalex.org/W2065548188","https://openalex.org/W2067171639","https://openalex.org/W2067835167","https://openalex.org/W2068392092","https://openalex.org/W2070771892","https://openalex.org/W2073666543","https://openalex.org/W2075894203","https://openalex.org/W2076907968","https://openalex.org/W2086109380","https://openalex.org/W2087299151","https://openalex.org/W2095173308","https://openalex.org/W2095265977","https://openalex.org/W2103266368","https://openalex.org/W2162067613","https://openalex.org/W2314225431","https://openalex.org/W4243884289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050719731","https://openalex.org/W2016300071","https://openalex.org/W2020898487","https://openalex.org/W2015039040","https://openalex.org/W2029941625","https://openalex.org/W4238159354","https://openalex.org/W4243884289","https://openalex.org/W236344077","https://openalex.org/W2006488359","https://openalex.org/W1986790720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"was":[3],"undertaken":[4],"to":[5,206],"evaluate":[6],"the":[7,199,208],"relationship":[8],"between":[9],"mammalian":[10],"and":[11,30,71,94,103,117,125,138,145,153,163,169,181,221],"piscine":[12],"2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin":[13],"(TCDD)":[14],"toxic":[15],"equivalency":[16],"factors":[17],"(TEFs)":[18],"for":[19,52,107,120,140],"PCBs,":[20,86],"based":[21,131],"on":[22,132,160],"induction":[23,53,108],"of":[24,39,46,54,109,151,167,178,201],"CYP1A":[25,78,99,164,209],"enzyme":[26,100],"activity,":[27,101],"catalytic":[28,210],"protein,":[29,102,165],"mRNA.":[31,104],"Rainbow":[32],"trout":[33],"administered":[34],"a":[35],"single":[36],"i.p.":[37],"injection":[38],"TCDD":[40,152,168,222],"had":[41],"an":[42],"average":[43],"(\u00b1SD)":[44],"ED50":[45],"0.91":[47],"\u00b1":[48],"0.14":[49],"\u03bcg":[50],"TCDD/kg":[51],"ethoxyresorufin":[55],"O-deethylase":[56],"(EROD)":[57],"activity.":[58],"Ortho-substituted":[59],"PCB":[60,121,123,126,141,143,146,170,219],"congeners":[61,220],"2,3,3\u2032,4,4\u2032-pentachlorobiphenyl":[62],"(PCB":[63,66,69,73,89,92,96],"105),":[64],"2,3\u2032,4,4\u2032,5-pentachlorobiphenyl":[65],"118),":[67],"2,3,3\u20324,4\u20325-hexachlorobiphenyl":[68],"!56),":[70],"2,2\u20323,4,4\u2032,5-hexachlorobiphenyl":[72],"138)":[74],"did":[75,227],"not":[76,228],"induce":[77,207],"activity":[79,111,134,162,211],"in":[80,212],"rainbow":[81,213],"trout.":[82,214],"Only":[83],"three":[84,154],"non-ortho-substituted":[85],"i.e.,":[87],"3,3\u20324,4\u2032-tetrachlorobiphenyl":[88],"77),":[90],"3,3\u2032,4,4\u2032,5-pentachlorobiphenyl":[91],"126),":[93],"3,3\u20324,4\u20325,5\u2032-hexachlorobiphenyl":[95],"169)":[97],"induced":[98],"The":[105,129],"ED50s":[106],"EROD":[110,133,161],"were":[112,135,156,172,184,223],"calculated":[113],"as":[114],"134,":[115],"5.82,":[116],"93.7":[118],"\u03bcg/kg":[119],"77,":[122,142],"126,":[124,144],"169,":[127,147],"respectively.":[128,148],"TCDD-TEFs":[130],"0.0006,":[136],"0.0014,":[137],"0.0003":[139],"Binary":[149],"mixtures":[150,166,205],"PCBs":[155],"also":[157],"evaluated.":[158],"Based":[159],"77":[171],"slightly":[173,185],"greater":[174],"than":[175,187],"additive.":[176,188],"Mixtures":[177],"TCDD-PCB":[179,182],"156":[180],"126":[183],"less":[186],"Results":[189],"from":[190,231],"these":[191],"studies":[192],"indicate":[193],"that":[194],"mammal-derived":[195],"TEFs":[196],"will":[197],"underestimate":[198],"potency":[200],"planar":[202],"chlorinated":[203],"hydrocarbon":[204],"Also,":[215],"while":[216],"interactions":[217],"among":[218],"somewhat":[224],"equivocal,":[225],"they":[226],"greatly":[229],"differ":[230],"predicted":[232],"additive":[233],"responses.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}