{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171712765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","title":"Persistent infection and vascular disease: a systematic review","display_name":"Persistent infection and vascular disease: a systematic review","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171712765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","mag":"2171712765","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15991962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131064935","display_name":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs","issn_l":"1354-3784","issn":["1354-3784","1744-7658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033502820","display_name":"John Danesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-6791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-6791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Danesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. john.danesh@balliol.ox.ac.uk","Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. Tel: +44 1865 557 241","Fax: +44 1865 558 817"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. john.danesh@balliol.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. Tel: +44 1865 557 241","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fax: +44 1865 558 817","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110504876","display_name":"Paul N. Appleby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Appleby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. Tel: +44 1865 557 241; Fax: +44 1865 558 817","Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. Tel: +44 1865 557 241","Fax: +44 1865 558 817"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. Tel: +44 1865 557 241; Fax: +44 1865 558 817","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and ICRF Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, UK. Tel: +44 1865 557 241","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fax: +44 1865 558 817","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64153846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"691","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.6987000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.6987000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.14169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10276","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies","score":0.05119999870657921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-infection","display_name":"persistent infection","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-disease","display_name":"vascular disease","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerosis","display_name":"atherosclerosis","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helicobacter-pylori","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlamydia-pneumoniae","display_name":"Chlamydia pneumoniae","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-diseases","display_name":"dental diseases","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-disease","display_name":"periodontal disease","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytomegalovirus","display_name":"cytomegalovirus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-confounding","display_name":"residual confounding","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seroepidemiology","display_name":"seroepidemiology","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780122209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153356","display_name":"Chlamydia","level":2,"score":0.7635753154754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.7360877990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6896604299545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5409106016159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.540254533290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776409635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180556","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori","level":2,"score":0.5389478802680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6946","display_name":"Cytomegalovirus","level":5,"score":0.5361374020576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4906090795993805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266890","display_name":"Vascular disease","level":2,"score":0.41542309522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.29434627294540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.2768293023109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27407824993133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.20795154571533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776409557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149348","display_name":"Herpesviridae","level":4,"score":0.13821181654930115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.7.5.691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131064935","display_name":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs","issn_l":"1354-3784","issn":["1354-3784","1744-7658"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15991962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15991962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert opinion on investigational drugs","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":164,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W688795","https://openalex.org/W15253697","https://openalex.org/W63911822","https://openalex.org/W96798720","https://openalex.org/W169118005","https://openalex.org/W180141685","https://openalex.org/W256313264","https://openalex.org/W335435462","https://openalex.org/W989023483","https://openalex.org/W1490226352","https://openalex.org/W1546798879","https://openalex.org/W1598614064","https://openalex.org/W1636673806","https://openalex.org/W1804286146","https://openalex.org/W1834800917","https://openalex.org/W1963532988","https://openalex.org/W1964412452","https://openalex.org/W1966033005","https://openalex.org/W1968076873","https://openalex.org/W1970813316","https://openalex.org/W1971690241","https://openalex.org/W1972307901","https://openalex.org/W1973404747","https://openalex.org/W1976512535","https://openalex.org/W1976541739","https://openalex.org/W1976617193","https://openalex.org/W1976743878","https://openalex.org/W1978149031","https://openalex.org/W1979866606","https://openalex.org/W1981108184","https://openalex.org/W1986648330","https://openalex.org/W1988289155","https://openalex.org/W1988414136","https://openalex.org/W1989958005","https://openalex.org/W1990366721","https://openalex.org/W1991417567","https://openalex.org/W1996757870","https://openalex.org/W1998740402","https://openalex.org/W1998964005","https://openalex.org/W2000544320","https://openalex.org/W2001911302","https://openalex.org/W2003594429","https://openalex.org/W2007021973","https://openalex.org/W2007200395","https://openalex.org/W2011053537","https://openalex.org/W2011589019","https://openalex.org/W2015484938","https://openalex.org/W2015652416","https://openalex.org/W2016283510","https://openalex.org/W2018462418","https://openalex.org/W2020287169","https://openalex.org/W2022708005","https://openalex.org/W2024803868","https://openalex.org/W2025003208","https://openalex.org/W2027775602","https://openalex.org/W2027883662","https://openalex.org/W2028190840","https://openalex.org/W2028246886","https://openalex.org/W2030626499","https://openalex.org/W2037633972","https://openalex.org/W2039849352","https://openalex.org/W2040001681","https://openalex.org/W2041056111","https://openalex.org/W2042297064","https://openalex.org/W2043118084","https://openalex.org/W2043658034","https://openalex.org/W2045367932","https://openalex.org/W2046731473","https://openalex.org/W2047902248","https://openalex.org/W2049138031","https://openalex.org/W2051287855","https://openalex.org/W2051537874","https://openalex.org/W2054069025","https://openalex.org/W2054906991","https://openalex.org/W2055824969","https://openalex.org/W2057363603","https://openalex.org/W2058028170","https://openalex.org/W2058773932","https://openalex.org/W2059384713","https://openalex.org/W2061362923","https://openalex.org/W2061404129","https://openalex.org/W2061940963","https://openalex.org/W2062250814","https://openalex.org/W2062351111","https://openalex.org/W2063388114","https://openalex.org/W2063831637","https://openalex.org/W2063905832","https://openalex.org/W2067139288","https://openalex.org/W2069088009","https://openalex.org/W2070615014","https://openalex.org/W2078418972","https://openalex.org/W2079977909","https://openalex.org/W2081297888","https://openalex.org/W2082904836","https://openalex.org/W2083599039","https://openalex.org/W2084144167","https://openalex.org/W2084868314","https://openalex.org/W2090155923","https://openalex.org/W2090845578","https://openalex.org/W2091302817","https://openalex.org/W2093707586","https://openalex.org/W2096683088","https://openalex.org/W2096758304","https://openalex.org/W2097576373","https://openalex.org/W2099314257","https://openalex.org/W2100904403","https://openalex.org/W2109451470","https://openalex.org/W2109507427","https://openalex.org/W2112339576","https://openalex.org/W2117490971","https://openalex.org/W2118898409","https://openalex.org/W2121220723","https://openalex.org/W2123752343","https://openalex.org/W2126628340","https://openalex.org/W2127585232","https://openalex.org/W2129564053","https://openalex.org/W2131159354","https://openalex.org/W2131594005","https://openalex.org/W2133098776","https://openalex.org/W2137488105","https://openalex.org/W2137663111","https://openalex.org/W2139034274","https://openalex.org/W2140101891","https://openalex.org/W2141402879","https://openalex.org/W2141674983","https://openalex.org/W2145491225","https://openalex.org/W2148482212","https://openalex.org/W2148990004","https://openalex.org/W2149013785","https://openalex.org/W2152445890","https://openalex.org/W2153073196","https://openalex.org/W2154244638","https://openalex.org/W2154369093","https://openalex.org/W2157034377","https://openalex.org/W2162274740","https://openalex.org/W2163613565","https://openalex.org/W2163635805","https://openalex.org/W2166227663","https://openalex.org/W2167732666","https://openalex.org/W2167766670","https://openalex.org/W2169730359","https://openalex.org/W2171603465","https://openalex.org/W2266923078","https://openalex.org/W2295035781","https://openalex.org/W2310475057","https://openalex.org/W2312957930","https://openalex.org/W2316376271","https://openalex.org/W2331756487","https://openalex.org/W2332803011","https://openalex.org/W2402125243","https://openalex.org/W2406712611","https://openalex.org/W2409692191","https://openalex.org/W2410907819","https://openalex.org/W2419400688","https://openalex.org/W2430268670","https://openalex.org/W2443283179","https://openalex.org/W2461869089","https://openalex.org/W2468565061","https://openalex.org/W2473196435","https://openalex.org/W2614805886","https://openalex.org/W3025885991","https://openalex.org/W4210657423","https://openalex.org/W4233620432","https://openalex.org/W4255536157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131594005","https://openalex.org/W2015879682","https://openalex.org/W2143940310","https://openalex.org/W30838623","https://openalex.org/W37982368","https://openalex.org/W2063730529","https://openalex.org/W2138496966","https://openalex.org/W2066142621","https://openalex.org/W4253970484","https://openalex.org/W1980163018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"than":[1,103],"150":[2],"epidemiological":[3],"or":[4,24,74],"clinical":[5,26],"studies":[6,145],"have":[7,129],"reported":[8],"on":[9],"associations":[10],"between":[11,67,75],"vascular":[12],"disease":[13,54,70,77,80,113,128],"and":[14,21,55,71,78,112,140,143],"the":[15,108],"presence":[16],"of":[17,25,42,90,110,121],"certain":[18],"persistent":[19,35],"bacterial":[20],"viral":[22],"agents,":[23,138],"conditions":[27],"(e.g.,":[28],"periodontal":[29],"disease)":[30],"that":[31],"are":[32,94,146],"associated":[33],"with":[34,123],"infection.":[36],"This":[37],"article":[38],"provides":[39],"a":[40,118],"review":[41],"such":[43,137],"studies,":[44],"particularly":[45],"in":[46,100,104,132],"relation":[47],"to":[48,62,148],"Helicobacter":[49],"pylori,":[50],"Chlamydia":[51],"pneumoniae,":[52],"dental":[53,79],"cytomegalovirus":[56],"(CMV),":[57],"as":[58,60,152,154],"well":[59,153],"references":[61],"possible":[63],"mechanisms.":[64],"The":[65],"association":[66],"coronary":[68,126],"heart":[69,76,127],"H.":[72],"pylori":[73],"may":[81],"be":[82],"accounted":[83],"for":[84],"by":[85],"residual":[86],"confounding.":[87],"Although":[88],"markers":[89],"C.":[91],"pneumoniae":[92],"infection":[93,111],"around":[95],"twenty":[96],"times":[97],"more":[98],"common":[99],"atherosclerotic":[101,125],"plaques":[102],"disease-free":[105],"blood":[106],"vessels,":[107],"sequence":[109],"is":[114],"uncertain.":[115],"For":[116,135],"CMV,":[117],"limited":[119],"number":[120],"patients":[122],"classic":[124],"been":[130],"investigated":[131],"seroepidemiological":[133,142],"studies.":[134,163],"all":[136],"better":[139],"larger":[141],"pathology-based":[144],"needed":[147],"resolve":[149],"these":[150],"uncertainties,":[151],"-":[155,159],"at":[156],"some":[157],"stage":[158],"large-scale,":[160],"randomised":[161],"intervention":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
