{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171661358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","title":"The dynamic relationship between current and previous severe hypoglycemic events: a lagged dependent variable analysis among patients with type 2 diabetes who have initiated basal insulin","display_name":"The dynamic relationship between current and previous severe hypoglycemic events: a lagged dependent variable analysis among patients with type 2 diabetes who have initiated basal insulin","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171661358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","mag":"2171661358","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26196226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206643269","display_name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","issn_l":"0300-7995","issn":["0300-7995","1473-4877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047100651","display_name":"Michael Lee Ganz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-2999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-2999"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Ganz","raw_affiliation_strings":["aEvidera, Lexington, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aEvidera, Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003715754","display_name":"Qian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9874-3555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9874-3555"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["aEvidera, Lexington, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aEvidera, Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055030608","display_name":"Neil Wintfeld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil S. Wintfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["bNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"bNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089373303","display_name":"Yuan-Chi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7529-582X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7529-582X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Chi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["cLA Care Health Plan, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"cLA Care Health Plan, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048520696","display_name":"CHRISTOPHER H. SORLI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99840902","display_name":"Billings Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/05arxpe18","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99840902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Sorli","raw_affiliation_strings":["dBillings Clinic Research Center, Billings, MT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"dBillings Clinic Research Center, Billings, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99840902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109415362","display_name":"Joanna Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna C. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["bNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"bNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047100651"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73967062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"9","first_page":"1809","last_page":"1815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.05510000139474869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-hypoglycemia","display_name":"severe hypoglycemia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-insulin","display_name":"basal insulin","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-dependence","display_name":"serial dependence","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia-risk","display_name":"hypoglycemia risk","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-dose-adjustment","display_name":"insulin dose adjustment","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-benefit-assessment","display_name":"risk-benefit assessment","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualized-care","display_name":"individualized care","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-evidence","display_name":"real-world evidence","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia-prevention","display_name":"hypoglycemia prevention","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-adjustment","display_name":"dose adjustment","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-initiation","display_name":"insulin initiation","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9449456930160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909524832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Basal insulin","level":4,"score":0.645767867565155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5845998525619507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5284664034843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5165838003158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.5119860768318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.44305723905563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.28840330243110657}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007003","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007003","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007003","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007003","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012008","descriptor_name":"Recurrence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1074891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206643269","display_name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","issn_l":"0300-7995","issn":["0300-7995","1473-4877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Medical Research and Opinion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26196226","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26196226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current medical research and opinion","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12039364","https://openalex.org/W1980796462","https://openalex.org/W1981662391","https://openalex.org/W2003754488","https://openalex.org/W2014862655","https://openalex.org/W2019905477","https://openalex.org/W2026020974","https://openalex.org/W2026085195","https://openalex.org/W2041064480","https://openalex.org/W2048981123","https://openalex.org/W2056802309","https://openalex.org/W2076573528","https://openalex.org/W2090244618","https://openalex.org/W2090910599","https://openalex.org/W2095682936","https://openalex.org/W2124870273","https://openalex.org/W2138185343","https://openalex.org/W2150423648","https://openalex.org/W2172193326","https://openalex.org/W2769264260","https://openalex.org/W4252271922","https://openalex.org/W4252759459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6902178255","https://openalex.org/W2573899049","https://openalex.org/W4206836489","https://openalex.org/W2132861529","https://openalex.org/W2809639102","https://openalex.org/W7096983473","https://openalex.org/W2333205867","https://openalex.org/W4387095466","https://openalex.org/W2056802309","https://openalex.org/W2774630893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"OBJECTIVE:":[2],"Past":[3],"studies":[4,370],"have":[5,32,76,170,322,352],"found":[6],"episodes":[7],"of":[8,23,46,51,60,132,140,185,200,202,210,219,222,230,241,254,261,285,294,310,314,387],"severe":[9],"hypoglycemia":[10],"(SH)":[11],"to":[12,55,114,128,169,340,373,375,402],"be":[13,267,306],"serially":[14],"dependent.":[15],"Those":[16],"studies,":[17],"however,":[18,305],"only":[19],"considered":[20],"the":[21,42,57,89,130,138,143,175,198,225,259,295,311,328,347,385],"impact":[22,131,199],"a":[24,120,220,243,250,282],"single":[25],"(index)":[26],"event":[27,162,173,245,265],"on":[28,64,101,137,249,281,331,371,384,393],"future":[29],"risk;":[30],"few":[31],"analyzed":[33],"SH":[34,61,66,116,133,141,161,172,203,223,244,255,264,319,381,389],"risk":[35,139,240,284,379],"as":[36],"it":[37],"evolves":[38],"over":[39],"time":[40,355],"in":[41,134,142,288,308,327,364],"presence":[43,386],"(or":[44],"absence)":[45],"continuing":[47],"events.":[48,117],"The":[49,239],"objective":[50],"this":[52],"study":[53],"was":[54,195],"determine":[56],"dynamic":[58,279],"risks":[59],"events":[62,67,256,320,382],"conditional":[63],"preceding":[65],"among":[68],"patients":[69,103,150,377,405],"with":[70,151,278],"type":[71],"2":[72],"diabetes":[73],"(T2D)":[74],"who":[75,104,153,158,180],"initiated":[77,105,154],"basal":[78,106,155,206,343,407],"insulin.":[79,156,408],"METHODS:":[80],"We":[81,118,147],"used":[82,119],"an":[83],"electronic":[84],"health":[85],"records":[86],"database":[87],"from":[88],"United":[90],"States":[91],"that":[92],"included":[93],"encounter":[94],"and":[95,98,111,113,187,212,232,257,346],"laboratory":[96],"data":[97,280,330],"clinical":[99],"notes":[100],"T2D":[102,152],"insulin":[107,207,344],"therapy":[108],"between":[109],"2008":[110],"2011":[112],"identify":[115,376],"repeated-measures":[121],"lagged":[122],"dependent":[123,248],"variable":[124],"logistic":[125],"regression":[126],"model":[127],"estimate":[129],"one":[135,263],"quarter":[136,165,177],"next":[144],"quarter.":[145],"RESULTS:":[146],"identified":[148],"7235":[149],"Patients":[157],"experienced":[159],"\u22651":[160,171],"during":[163,174,224],"any":[164],"were":[166,334,338],"more":[167,394],"likely":[168],"subsequent":[176],"than":[178,197,358,392],"those":[179],"did":[181],"not":[182,317,335],"(predicted":[183,208,228],"probabilities":[184,209,229],"7.4%":[186],"1.0%,":[188],"respectively;":[189,214,234],"p":[190,215,235],"<":[191,216,236],"0.01).":[192,237],"This":[193],"effect":[194],"stronger":[196],"history":[201,221,253],"before":[204],"starting":[205,406],"1.0%":[211],"3.2%,":[213],"0.01)":[217],"or":[218,325],"titration":[226],"period":[227,350],"1.1%":[231],"2.8%,":[233],"CONCLUSIONS:":[238],"experiencing":[242],"is":[246],"highly":[247],"patient's":[251,283],"immediate":[252],"therefore":[258],"value":[260],"preventing":[262],"may":[266,321],"substantial.":[268],"These":[269,302],"results":[270,303],"can":[271,290,398],"inform":[272],"patient":[273,300],"care":[274],"by":[275],"providing":[276],"clinicians":[277],"SH,":[286],"which":[287],"turn":[289],"facilitate":[291],"appropriate":[292],"adjustment":[293],"risk-benefit":[296],"ratio":[297],"for":[298,342,380],"individualized":[299],"care.":[301],"should,":[304],"interpreted":[307],"light":[309],"key":[312],"limitations":[313],"our":[315],"study:":[316],"all":[318],"been":[323],"captured":[324],"coded":[326],"database,":[329],"filled":[332],"prescriptions":[333],"available,":[336],"we":[337],"unable":[339],"adjust":[341],"dose,":[345],"post-titration":[348],"follow-up":[349],"could":[351],"divided":[353],"into":[354],"units":[356],"other":[357],"quarters":[359],"(3":[360],"month":[361],"blocks)":[362],"resulting":[363],"potentially":[365],"different":[366],"conclusions.":[367],"Further":[368],"real-world":[369],"how":[372],"best":[374],"at":[378],"based":[383],"recent":[388],"events,":[390,397],"rather":[391],"distant":[395],"'prior'":[396],"help":[399],"healthcare":[400],"providers":[401],"better":[403],"manage":[404]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}