{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171493089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.650883","title":"Markov random field segmentation of brain MR images","display_name":"Markov random field segmentation of brain MR images","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171493089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.650883","mag":"2171493089","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9533587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/42.650883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.650883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.650883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2171493089"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0903.3114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. Held","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Held","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medicine, Research Center J\u00fclich GmbH, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medicine, Research Center J\u00fclich GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E.R. Kops","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.R. Kops","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, Julich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, Julich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"B.J. Krause","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.J. Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany","Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, Julich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, Julich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"W.M. Wells","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.M. Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012263767","display_name":"Ron Kikinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-7058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-7058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Kikinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"H.-W. Muller-Gartner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171892758","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089242","display_name":"D\u00fcsseldorf University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/006k2kk72","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44260953","display_name":"Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf","ror":"https://ror.org/024z2rq82","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44260953"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-W. Muller-Gartner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany","Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, Julich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089242","https://openalex.org/I44260953"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, Julich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171892758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":511,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97726196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"878","last_page":"886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-mri-segmentation","display_name":"brain MRI segmentation","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-fields","display_name":"Markov random fields","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-image-segmentation","display_name":"3D image segmentation","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-matter","display_name":"gray matter","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter","display_name":"white matter","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"simulated annealing","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterated-conditional-modes","display_name":"iterated conditional modes","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-sensitivity","display_name":"noise sensitivity","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"smoothing","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7383000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140479938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254619","display_name":"Iterated function","level":2,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130402806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361768","display_name":"Random field","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157787499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479657","display_name":"Real-time MRI","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/42.650883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.650883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/42.650883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9533587","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9533587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0903.3114","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3114","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0903.3114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.26.7888","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.7888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.spl.harvard.edu:8000/pages/papers/elena/ieee_version.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.0903.3114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0903.3114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0903.3114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0903.3114","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.3114","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0903.3114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2249102952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P01 CA67165-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3547428742","display_name":"Core Segmentation Tools for Computer Assisted Surgery","funder_award_id":"9631710","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4005727423","display_name":"Image Guided Therapy","funder_award_id":"P01CA067165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321752","display_name":"Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich","ror":"https://ror.org/02nv7yv05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2171493089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2171493089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554544485","https://openalex.org/W1967495260","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1974751482","https://openalex.org/W1989222601","https://openalex.org/W1990005524","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2021640751","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2032398883","https://openalex.org/W2035736092","https://openalex.org/W2056760934","https://openalex.org/W2063237661","https://openalex.org/W2068674173","https://openalex.org/W2080848024","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2117469974","https://openalex.org/W2137676365","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2162630772","https://openalex.org/W2169132902","https://openalex.org/W2800394774","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W4243939662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147128996","https://openalex.org/W2137516685","https://openalex.org/W2284772414","https://openalex.org/W2147049010","https://openalex.org/W2145355000","https://openalex.org/W2159965356","https://openalex.org/W2600837658","https://openalex.org/W2035664938","https://openalex.org/W2014434921","https://openalex.org/W1932318329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2],"fully-automatic":[3],"three-dimensional":[4],"(3-D)-segmentation":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,31],"brain":[8],"magnetic":[9],"resonance":[10],"(MR)":[11],"images.":[12],"By":[13],"means":[14],"of":[15,28,37,54,62],"Markov":[16],"random":[17],"fields":[18],"(MRF's)":[19],"the":[20,52,55,60],"segmentation":[21,56],"algorithm":[22],"captures":[23],"three":[24],"features":[25],"that":[26],"are":[27,69,76,98],"special":[29],"importance":[30],"MR":[32,49,74],"images,":[33],"i.e.,":[34],"nonparametric":[35],"distributions":[36],"tissue":[38],"intensities,":[39],"neighborhood":[40],"correlations,":[41],"and":[42,47,66,87,92],"signal":[43],"inhomogeneities.":[44],"Detailed":[45],"simulations":[46],"real":[48],"images":[50,75],"demonstrate":[51],"performance":[53],"algorithm.":[57],"In":[58],"particular,":[59],"impact":[61],"noise,":[63],"inhomogeneity,":[64],"smoothing,":[65],"structure":[67],"thickness":[68],"analyzed":[70],"quantitatively.":[71],"Even":[72],"single-echo":[73],"well":[77],"classified":[78],"into":[79],"gray":[80],"matter,":[81,83],"white":[82],"cerebrospinal":[84],"fluid,":[85],"scalp-bone,":[86],"background.":[88],"A":[89],"simulated":[90],"annealing":[91],"an":[93],"iterated":[94],"conditional":[95],"modes":[96],"implementation":[97],"presented.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}