{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171433652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","title":"Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury: A 30-Year Follow-Up Study","display_name":"Axis I and II Psychiatric Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury: A 30-Year Follow-Up Study","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171433652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","mag":"2171433652","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12153823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2171433652"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111589205","display_name":"Salla Koponen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801970007","display_name":"Turku University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05dbzj528","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801970007","https://openalex.org/I4210127022"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salla Koponen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland. salla.koponen@tyks.fi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland. salla.koponen@tyks.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801970007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011848751","display_name":"Tero J. Taiminen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tero Taiminen","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029785659","display_name":"Raija I. Portin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raija Portin","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002825403","display_name":"Leena Himanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-8027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-8027"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leena Himanen","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001229503","display_name":"Heli Isoniemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heli Isoniemi","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088769089","display_name":"Hanna Heinonen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanna Heinonen","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045617855","display_name":"Susanna Hinkka\u2010Yli\u2010Salom\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-9196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-9196"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanna Hinkka","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072685466","display_name":"Olli S. Tenovuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-3180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-3180"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olli Tenovuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":577,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98476596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"159","issue":"8","first_page":"1315","last_page":"1321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-comorbidity","display_name":"psychiatric comorbidity","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-follow-up","display_name":"long-term follow-up","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-disorders","display_name":"personality disorders","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidant-personality-disorder","display_name":"avoidant personality disorder","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paranoid-personality-disorder","display_name":"paranoid personality disorder","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizoid-personality-disorder","display_name":"schizoid personality disorder","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delusional-disorder","display_name":"delusional disorder","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-abuse","display_name":"alcohol abuse","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panic-disorder","display_name":"panic disorder","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-phobia","display_name":"specific phobia","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosis","display_name":"psychosis","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-vulnerability","display_name":"psychiatric vulnerability","score":0.3140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.7528968453407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.6956405639648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777308609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270673","display_name":"Personality disorders","level":3,"score":0.6445428729057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49849486351013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134011695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2699874","display_name":"Neuropsychiatry","level":2,"score":0.49384957551956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.487576425075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.37915635108947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33470940589904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.2792947292327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003072","descriptor_name":"Cognition Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005387","descriptor_name":"Finland","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010554","descriptor_name":"Personality Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012563","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia, Paranoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012563","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia, Paranoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012563","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia, Paranoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015599","descriptor_name":"Trauma Severity Indices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12153823","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12153823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16921906","https://openalex.org/W24345798","https://openalex.org/W93044161","https://openalex.org/W131511574","https://openalex.org/W189298821","https://openalex.org/W246890865","https://openalex.org/W656337457","https://openalex.org/W1815011115","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1966161647","https://openalex.org/W1984259765","https://openalex.org/W1984950757","https://openalex.org/W1992133005","https://openalex.org/W1997828752","https://openalex.org/W2000837474","https://openalex.org/W2042808523","https://openalex.org/W2053368004","https://openalex.org/W2082235052","https://openalex.org/W2084865691","https://openalex.org/W2102187054","https://openalex.org/W2106137646","https://openalex.org/W2124955762","https://openalex.org/W2127313227","https://openalex.org/W2134013014","https://openalex.org/W2143549687","https://openalex.org/W2157227838","https://openalex.org/W2159210845","https://openalex.org/W2327963359","https://openalex.org/W2440381049","https://openalex.org/W4250648231","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041832406","https://openalex.org/W2001902123","https://openalex.org/W2027246921","https://openalex.org/W2053368004","https://openalex.org/W2015212184","https://openalex.org/W2811513197","https://openalex.org/W2326987135","https://openalex.org/W2134013014","https://openalex.org/W1815011115","https://openalex.org/W4250648231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Patients":[1],"who":[2],"had":[3,93,94,108,109,148,172],"suffered":[4],"traumatic":[5,31,102,123,182,229],"brain":[6,32,103,124,183,196,230],"injury":[7,125,184,197],"were":[8,24,38,61,126,159],"evaluated":[9],"to":[10,189,199,204],"determine":[11],"the":[12,45,48,64,82,88,223],"occurrence":[13],"of":[14,47,215,225],"psychiatric":[15,190,216,226],"disorders":[16,37,60,121,143,158,217],"during":[17,114],"a":[18,41,77],"30-year":[19],"follow-up.":[20],"METHOD:":[21],"Sixty":[22],"patients":[23,146,170,201],"assessed":[25],"on":[26,40],"average":[27],"30":[28],"years":[29],"after":[30,101,122,228],"injury.":[33,231],"DSM-IV":[34],"axis":[35,58,96,111],"I":[36,97,112],"diagnosed":[39,62],"clinical":[42],"basis":[43],"with":[44,63,76],"aid":[46],"Schedules":[49],"for":[50,68],"Clinical":[51,66],"Assessment":[52],"in":[53,192,219],"Neuropsychiatry":[54],"(version":[55],"2.1),":[56],"and":[57,81,105,141,164,209],"II":[59],"Structured":[65],"Interview":[67],"DSM-III-R":[69,173],"Personality":[70],"Disorders.":[71],"Cognitive":[72],"impairment":[73],"was":[74],"measured":[75],"neuropsychological":[78],"test":[79],"battery":[80],"Mini-Mental":[83],"State":[84],"Examination.":[85],"RESULTS:":[86],"Of":[87],"60":[89],"patients,":[90],"29":[91],"(48.3%)":[92],"an":[95,110],"disorder":[98,113,136],"that":[99,181],"began":[100],"injury,":[104],"37":[106],"(61.7%)":[107],"their":[115],"lifetimes.":[116],"The":[117,154,178,212],"most":[118,155],"common":[119],"novel":[120],"major":[127],"depression":[128],"(26.7%),":[129],"alcohol":[130],"abuse":[131],"or":[132],"dependence":[133],"(11.7%),":[134],"panic":[135],"(8.3%),":[137,140,163],"specific":[138],"phobia":[139],"psychotic":[142],"(6.7%).":[144],"Fourteen":[145],"(23.3%)":[147],"at":[149],"least":[150],"one":[151],"personality":[152,167,175,210],"disorder.":[153],"prevalent":[156],"individual":[157],"avoidant":[160],"(15.0%),":[161],"paranoid":[162],"schizoid":[165],"(6.7%)":[166],"disorders.":[168],"Nine":[169],"(15.0%)":[171],"organic":[174],"syndrome.":[176],"CONCLUSIONS:":[177],"results":[179],"suggest":[180],"may":[185],"cause":[186],"decades-lasting":[187],"vulnerability":[188],"illness":[191],"some":[193],"individuals.":[194],"Traumatic":[195],"seems":[198],"make":[200],"particularly":[202],"susceptible":[203],"depressive":[205],"episodes,":[206],"delusional":[207],"disorder,":[208],"disturbances.":[211],"high":[213],"rate":[214],"found":[218],"this":[220],"study":[221],"emphasizes":[222],"importance":[224],"follow-up":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
