{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170683223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh014","title":"An Assessment of Privatization","display_name":"An Assessment of Privatization","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170683223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh014","mag":"2170683223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/wbro/lkh014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117685085","display_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","issn_l":"0257-3032","issn":["0257-3032","1564-6971"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=873727","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009985147","display_name":"Sunita Kikeri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Kikeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunita Kikeri is advisor in the Investment Climate Department at the World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunita Kikeri is advisor in the Investment Climate Department at the World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009985147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"apc_list":{"value":3986,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3986},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.7729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99396533,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"87","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.1599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14112","display_name":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","score":0.14640000462532043,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privatization","display_name":"privatization","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-privatization","display_name":"infrastructure privatization","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-effects","display_name":"welfare effects","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-framework","display_name":"regulatory framework","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"competition","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-reform","display_name":"public sector reform","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-basic-services","display_name":"access to basic services","score":0.8259999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5547159314155579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5172017812728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45960524678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.44585657119750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4142588675022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26993612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910154","display_name":"Panacea (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.4131006896495819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3975664973258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.35603877902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.3231848180294037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/wbro/lkh014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117685085","display_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","issn_l":"0257-3032","issn":["0257-3032","1564-6971"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The World Bank Research Observer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3123368006","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=873727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3123368006","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=873727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58491178","https://openalex.org/W68782894","https://openalex.org/W71858604","https://openalex.org/W130728152","https://openalex.org/W182102693","https://openalex.org/W258806854","https://openalex.org/W560682812","https://openalex.org/W1486999685","https://openalex.org/W1497694783","https://openalex.org/W1499053440","https://openalex.org/W1511568784","https://openalex.org/W1548147229","https://openalex.org/W1561370890","https://openalex.org/W1566618596","https://openalex.org/W1587289162","https://openalex.org/W1746126309","https://openalex.org/W1752677597","https://openalex.org/W1758815388","https://openalex.org/W1859281935","https://openalex.org/W1904182075","https://openalex.org/W1979984511","https://openalex.org/W2002218204","https://openalex.org/W2011956646","https://openalex.org/W2013253939","https://openalex.org/W2035184035","https://openalex.org/W2066332806","https://openalex.org/W2101557352","https://openalex.org/W2114314742","https://openalex.org/W2115386663","https://openalex.org/W2123140473","https://openalex.org/W2126154401","https://openalex.org/W2131182178","https://openalex.org/W2139662496","https://openalex.org/W2141025260","https://openalex.org/W2143574620","https://openalex.org/W2153257888","https://openalex.org/W2163158902","https://openalex.org/W2163368554","https://openalex.org/W2166325576","https://openalex.org/W2278124925","https://openalex.org/W2341843909","https://openalex.org/W2891417911","https://openalex.org/W2892727371","https://openalex.org/W3121237143","https://openalex.org/W3122095000","https://openalex.org/W3122132132","https://openalex.org/W3122596610","https://openalex.org/W3122684442","https://openalex.org/W3123008000","https://openalex.org/W3123238728","https://openalex.org/W3123788164","https://openalex.org/W3123940327","https://openalex.org/W3125089029","https://openalex.org/W3152474136","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4409444687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095226186","https://openalex.org/W1890455652","https://openalex.org/W3125777459","https://openalex.org/W2085438131","https://openalex.org/W1597247896","https://openalex.org/W7096512997","https://openalex.org/W4388167957","https://openalex.org/W4243322557","https://openalex.org/W2542841796","https://openalex.org/W2163158902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mounting":[0],"empirical":[1,84],"evidence":[2,85],"of":[3,22,25,30,42,52,82,144],"privatization's":[4],"benefits":[5,24],"coincides":[6],"with":[7],"increasing":[8],"dissatisfaction":[9,17],"and":[10,14,38,61,70,86,110,120,161,169],"opposition":[11],"among":[12],"citizens":[13],"policymakers.":[15],"This":[16,78],"reflects":[18],"the":[19,23,27,34,39,43,50,62,83,128,175],"growing":[20,129],"questioning":[21],"privatization,":[26],"general":[28],"downturn":[29],"global":[31],"markets":[32],"in":[33,89,98,166],"past":[35],"few":[36],"years":[37],"resulting":[40],"swing":[41],"pendulum":[44],"back":[45],"toward":[46],"increased":[47],"governmental":[48],"supervision,":[49],"overselling":[51],"privatization":[53,65,92,105,131,152],"as":[54],"a":[55,95,108,142],"panacea":[56],"for":[57],"all":[58],"economic":[59],"problems,":[60],"concern":[63],"that":[64,88,126,174],"does":[66],"not":[67],"produce":[68],"macroeconomic":[69],"distributional":[71],"gains":[72],"equivalent":[73],"to":[74,146,153,158,172,179],"its":[75],"microeconomic":[76],"benefits.":[77],"article":[79,124],"takes":[80],"stock":[81],"shows":[87],"competitive":[90],"sectors":[91],"has":[93],"been":[94],"resounding":[96],"success":[97],"improving":[99],"firm":[100],"performance.":[101],"In":[102],"infrastructure":[103],"sectors,":[104],"improves":[106],"welfare,":[107],"broader":[109],"crucial":[111],"objective,":[112],"when":[113],"it":[114],"is":[115],"accompanied":[116],"by":[117,149],"proper":[118],"policy":[119],"regulatory":[121,162],"frameworks.":[122],"The":[123],"argues":[125],"despite":[127],"concerns":[130],"should":[132,140],"be":[133,141],"neither":[134],"abandoned":[135],"nor":[136],"reversed.":[137],"Rather,":[138],"there":[139],"strengthening":[143],"efforts":[145,157],"privatize":[147],"correctly:":[148],"better":[150],"tailoring":[151],"local":[154],"conditions,":[155],"deepening":[156],"promote":[159],"competition":[160],"frameworks,":[163],"enforcing":[164],"transparency":[165],"sales":[167],"processes,":[168],"introducing":[170],"mechanisms":[171],"ensure":[173],"poor":[176],"have":[177],"access":[178],"affordable":[180],"essential":[181],"services.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}