{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170594719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","title":"Genetically Low Triglycerides and Mortality: Further Support for \u201cthe Earlier the Better\u201d?","display_name":"Genetically Low Triglycerides and Mortality: Further Support for \u201cthe Earlier the Better\u201d?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170594719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","mag":"2170594719","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","pdf_url":"http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/clinchem/60/5/705.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139212996","display_name":"Clinical Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-9147","issn":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320272","host_organization_name":"American Association for Clinical Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Clinical Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/clinchem/60/5/705.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014267007","display_name":"Seth Shay Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-7622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-7622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth S Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008531984","display_name":"Michael Joseph Blaha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-9683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-9683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael J Blaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008531984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":{"value":4636,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4636},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"5","first_page":"705","last_page":"707"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.7567999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.7567999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13430","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and disorders","score":0.13169999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.04500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remnant-lipoproteins","display_name":"remnant lipoproteins","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postprandial-lipemia","display_name":"postprandial lipemia","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease-prevention","display_name":"cardiovascular disease prevention","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mendelian-randomization","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"polygenic risk score","score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglyceride-lowering-therapy","display_name":"triglyceride-lowering therapy","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copenhagen-city-heart-study","display_name":"Copenhagen City Heart Study","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postprandial-lipid-metabolism","display_name":"postprandial lipid metabolism","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6816584","display_name":"Mendelian randomization","level":5,"score":0.9348384141921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992990","display_name":"Postprandial","level":3,"score":0.6674468517303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6640284061431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5367767810821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.5099719762802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4864156246185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.32745257019996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3210293650627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.19435063004493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.14558544754981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14047342538833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1198490560054779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.10915607213973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002784","descriptor_name":"Cholesterol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008071","descriptor_name":"Lipoprotein Lipase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014280","descriptor_name":"Triglycerides","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057182","descriptor_name":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","pdf_url":"http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/clinchem/60/5/705.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139212996","display_name":"Clinical Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-9147","issn":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320272","host_organization_name":"American Association for Clinical Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Clinical Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24607483","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24607483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical chemistry","raw_type":"Editorial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.220970","pdf_url":"http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/clinchem/60/5/705.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139212996","display_name":"Clinical Chemistry","issn_l":"0009-9147","issn":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320272","host_organization_name":"American Association for Clinical Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320272"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Clinical Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170594719.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2170594719.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9828487","https://openalex.org/W17618894","https://openalex.org/W1722951830","https://openalex.org/W1979047197","https://openalex.org/W2033907196","https://openalex.org/W2041380076","https://openalex.org/W2050288130","https://openalex.org/W2052341239","https://openalex.org/W2054299101","https://openalex.org/W2108169164","https://openalex.org/W2116404316","https://openalex.org/W2118184073","https://openalex.org/W2149433053","https://openalex.org/W2159581689","https://openalex.org/W2164089346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041380076","https://openalex.org/W1891629689","https://openalex.org/W1526869777","https://openalex.org/W2907939246","https://openalex.org/W2743104005","https://openalex.org/W2744009745","https://openalex.org/W2012453528","https://openalex.org/W7098516633","https://openalex.org/W4315752594","https://openalex.org/W4389680321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,135,152,341,427,489,992,1134,1290],"this":[1,162,184,602,743,1016,1120,1170,1298,1349],"issue":[2],"of":[3,43,49,77,84,100,104,111,119,124,141,149,169,183,190,200,240,257,273,288,312,324,345,379,395,423,444,458,467,474,504,518,520,531,544,551,557,584,596,621,668,696,707,712,750,767,787,822,831,843,887,898,977,984,990,995,1023,1031,1035,1169,1192,1233,1275,1313,1321,1342],"Clinical":[4],"Chemistry,":[5],"Mette":[6],"Thomsen":[7],"and":[8,79,93,116,159,176,207,329,434,460,522,540,590,599,627,678,727,775,789,799,833,874,881,917,987,1008,1044,1063,1073,1130,1174,1184,1317,1323,1334],"colleagues":[9],"contribute":[10],"another":[11],"gem":[12],"from":[13,436,641,656,738,920],"the":[14,19,31,58,75,98,105,108,117,130,137,170,187,238,283,342,346,374,377,414,420,439,445,451,456,472,475,478,490,516,541,555,558,563,581,587,613,648,663,675,703,710,732,765,773,813,818,836,840,903,933,940,982,996,1032,1079,1117,1167,1188,1220,1247,1251,1255,1261,1302,1310,1319],"treasure":[15],"trove":[16],"that":[17,413,477,662,687,709,908,972,1116,1272,1331],"is":[18,164,186,578,594,646,689,804,914,943,999,1089,1112,1197,1215,1259],"Copenhagen":[20,564,814],"City":[21,815],"Heart":[22,816],"Study":[23],"(1).":[24],"This":[25,72,576,779,926],"mendelian":[26,951],"randomization":[27,952],"study":[28,56,106,138,185,927,953,985,1121],"builds":[29],"upon":[30],"investigators'":[32],"prior":[33],"work":[34,73],"linking":[35,61,153],"genetically":[36,62,1127,1139],"increased":[37],"circulating":[38,65,191,465],"triglyceride":[39,66,192,209,358,372,776],"concentrations":[40,67,158,210,359,466,726,777,883],"(a":[41],"marker":[42,485],"remnant":[44,487,497,568,637,652,846,861,899,921,978,1004,1045,1182,1315,1336,1344],"lipoproteins)":[45],"with":[46,68,122,156,215,233,254,267,276,286,300,310,322,335,362,397,425,471,723,835,1124,1194,1204,1236,1339],"higher":[47,728],"risk":[48,299,307,319,332,1132,1191,1241],"ischemic":[50],"heart":[51],"disease":[52,235],"(2).":[53,575,698],"The":[54,247,400,793,1304],"present":[55],"gives":[57],"other":[59,437,1175],"bookend,":[60],"lower":[63,69,301,304,318,331,355,370,724,1148,1198,1240,1327],"nonfasting":[64,188,205,208,274,356,371],"all-cause":[70,277,364],"mortality.":[71,365],"at":[74,89,806,1009,1015],"intersection":[76],"lipidology":[78],"preventive":[80],"cardiology":[81],"will":[82,744,824,968,1052,1162,1281,1346],"be":[83,382,719,969,1067,1163],"interest":[85],"to":[86,96,129,166,282,354,381,463,617,632,673,691,718,740,746,761,772,808,863,923,955,980,1001,1114,1143,1165,1179,1266,1301,1326],"those":[87,309,321,334,1125],"working":[88],"many":[90,530,660],"different":[91,797],"scientific":[92],"clinical":[94,160,630,864,1013,1257,1287],"levels":[95],"improve":[97],"prevention":[99],"cardiovascular":[101,217,234,245,432,924,1131,1149,1185],"disease.":[102,246,925],"Strengths":[103],"include":[107],"long":[109,685],"duration":[110],"follow-up":[112,396],"spanning":[113],"2":[114],"decades":[115],"completeness":[118],"outcome":[120],"ascertainment,":[121],"100%":[123],"patients":[125,1263],"accounted":[126],"for":[127,264,408,455,486,829,1105,1126,1309],"thanks":[128],"Danish":[131],"Central":[132],"Person":[133],"Register.":[134],"addition,":[136],"takes":[139],"advantage":[140,842],"a":[142,204,212,250,295,367,484,501,527,549,642,657,753,758,783,826,950,964,1020,1027,1068,1090,1103,1217,1229],"modern":[143,513],"epidemiologic":[144,174],"technique\u2014the":[145],"so-called":[146],"\u201crandomized":[147],"trial":[148],"biomarkers\u201d\u2014mendelian":[150],"randomization.":[151],"genetic":[154,348],"information":[155,635],"biomarker":[157],"outcomes,":[161],"technique":[163],"thought":[165],"limit":[167],"much":[168,1076,1147],"bias":[171],"in":[172,203,244,298,308,320,333,350,384,441,512,515,580,702,721,780,790,902,931,1061,1085,1094,1119,1158,1209,1219,1239,1264,1286],"traditional":[173],"approaches":[175],"allow":[177],"causal":[178,918,941],"inference.":[179],"An":[180],"additional":[181],"strength":[182],"measurement":[189],"concentrations.":[193,1328],"Indeed,":[194],"we":[195,755,858,938,948,960,973,1292],"as":[196,483,536,548,571,606,651,884,891,963,1060],"humans":[197],"spend":[198],"most":[199],"our":[201],"lives":[202],"state":[206],"have":[211,228,508,684,854,869,875,894,1138,1146,1245],"stronger":[213],"association":[214,232,272,422],"incident":[216],"events":[218],"than":[219,1078,1199],"fasting":[220],"values":[221],"(3).":[222],"Triglycerides":[223],"measured":[224,845,957],"2\u20134":[225],"h":[226],"postprandially":[227],"an":[229,619,625,693,748,768,800,915,1283],"especially":[230],"strong":[231],"risk,":[236],"illuminating":[237],"importance":[239],"postprandial":[241],"lipid":[242,560,1040,1098,1234],"metabolism":[243],"authors":[248,476,1296],"took":[249],"2-pronged":[251],"approach,":[252],"beginning":[253],"observational":[255],"analyses":[256,429,1225],"13":[258],"957":[259],"persons":[260,722],"who":[261,1137],"were":[262,402],"followed":[263],"24":[265],"years":[266,394],"9991":[268],"deaths.":[269,399],"A":[270],"concentration-dependent":[271],"triglycerides":[275,287,311,323,336,424,482,492,611,729,880],"mortality":[278,306,380,433,435],"was":[279,294,360],"observed.":[280],"Compared":[281],"reference":[284],"group":[285,565],"266\u2013442":[289],"mg/dL":[290,314,326,338],"(3\u20135":[291],"mmol/L),":[292,316,328],"there":[293,893,913,1101,1214],"graded":[296],"decrease":[297],"triglycerides:":[302],"11%":[303],"estimated":[305,572],"177\u2013265":[313],"(2\u20133":[315],"26%":[317],"89\u2013176":[325],"(1\u20132":[327],"41%":[330],"<89":[337],"(<1":[339],"mmol/L).":[340],"second":[343],"stage":[344],"analysis,":[347],"variation":[349],"lipoprotein":[351,569,598,638,653,847,900,1005],"lipase":[352],"leading":[353],"plasma":[357],"associated":[361],"reduced":[363],"For":[366,1012],"1-mmol/L":[368],"(89-mg/dL)":[369],"value,":[373],"investigators":[375],"found":[376],"odds":[378],"cut":[383],"half":[385],"[odds":[386],"ratio,":[387],"0.50":[388],"(95%":[389],"CI,":[390],"0.30\u20130.82)]":[391],"over":[392],"17":[393],"4005":[398],"findings":[401,1118],"not":[403,417,647,681,870,945,1019],"significantly":[404],"altered":[405],"by":[406,419,586,612,714],"adjustment":[407],"HDL":[409],"cholesterol":[410,570,725,774,848,901,1006,1033],"(HDL-C),":[411],"suggesting":[412,1228],"results":[415,440,452,479,986],"are":[416,493,670,680,1049,1058,1122,1154],"explained":[418],"inverse":[421],"HDL-C.":[426],"sensitivity":[428],"distinguishing":[430],"between":[431,1071],"causes,":[438],"both":[442],"stages":[443],"analysis":[446],"reached":[447],"similar":[448],"conclusions.":[449],"Overall,":[450],"provide":[453,825,1306],"evidence":[454,1308],"benefit":[457,1232],"early":[459,1276,1322],"long-term":[461,1324],"exposure":[462,1325],"low":[464,1010,1128,1140],"triglycerides.":[468],"We":[469,683,699,1269],"agree":[470],"interpretation":[473],"likely":[480],"reflect":[481],"lipoproteins.":[488,506,1046],"circulation,":[491],"preferentially":[494],"incorporated":[495],"into":[496],"lipoproteins,":[498,1183,1337],"which":[499,593],"represent":[500],"hydrolyzed":[502],"form":[503],"atherogenic":[505,1039,1097],"Remnants":[507],"become":[509],"more":[510,665,784,1077,1106],"important":[511,929,971,1113,1284],"medicine":[514],"setting":[517],"epidemics":[519],"obesity":[521,1062],"metabolic":[523],"syndrome":[524],"(4).":[525],"From":[526],"biologic":[528],"standpoint,":[529,644],"us":[532],"view":[533],"triglyceride-remnant":[534],"lipoproteins":[535,539,832,862,922,979,1316],"encompassing":[537],"intermediate-density":[538,597],"dense":[542],"subfraction":[543],"VLDLs":[545],"(5).":[546],"However,":[547,640,936,1055],"matter":[550],"practicality":[552],"based":[553],"on":[554,764,1297],"availability":[556],"standard":[559],"profile":[561],"only,":[562],"has":[566,623,1201],"modeled":[567],"VLDL-C":[573,622,697,713,737,763,788],"(triglycerides/5)":[574],"modeling":[577],"rooted":[579],"classical":[582],"definition":[583],"LDL":[585,1043],"Friedewald":[588,715,733],"equation(6)":[589],"\u03b2":[591],"quantification,":[592],"inclusive":[595],"lipoprotein(a).":[600],"By":[601],"construct,":[603],"what":[604,857,1200],"remains":[605,910,1102],"remnants":[607,873,1048,1057],"comprises":[608],"VLDL.":[609],"Dividing":[610],"fixed":[614],"number":[615],"5":[616],"get":[618],"estimate":[620,695,762],"provided":[624],"easy":[626],"widely":[628],"available":[629,805],"construct":[631],"capture":[633],"some":[634,906,993],"about":[636,860],"cholesterol.":[639,654],"biochemical":[643],"it":[645,688,909,967,998],"same":[649],"thing":[650],"Moreover,":[655],"pathophysiologic":[658],"perspective,":[659],"believe":[661,907,1271],"larger,":[664],"buoyant":[666],"forms":[667],"VLDL":[669],"too":[671],"large":[672],"penetrate":[674],"endothelial":[676],"border":[677],"hence":[679],"atherogenic.":[682],"known":[686],"difficult":[690],"obtain":[692],"accurate":[694,785],"recently":[700,756],"demonstrated":[701],"Very":[704,819],"Large":[705,820],"Database":[706,821],"Lipids":[708,823],"amount":[711],"estimation":[716,786],"tends":[717],"overestimated":[720],"(7).":[730],"Since":[731],"formula":[734],"(6)":[735],"subtracts":[736],"non\u2013HDL-C":[739,882,1051,1072],"derive":[741],"LDL-C,":[742,1074],"tend":[745],"produce":[747],"underestimation":[749],"LDL-C.":[751,792,1054],"As":[752,959],"solution,":[754],"published":[757],"novel":[759],"method":[760],"basis":[766],"adjustable":[769],"factor":[770],"according":[771],"(8).":[778],"turn":[781,791],"provides":[782,1026],"approach":[794,1053],"uses":[795],"180":[796],"factors,":[798],"automated":[801],"Excel-based":[802],"calculator":[803],"ldlcalculator.com":[807],"facilitate":[809,988],"ongoing":[810],"research.":[811],"Like":[812],"Study,":[817],"fruitful":[827],"platform":[828],"investigation":[830],"mortality,":[834],"latter":[837],"database":[838],"having":[839],"distinctive":[841],"directly":[844,956,1002],"(9).":[849],"Until":[850],"now":[851],"several":[852],"barriers":[853],"prevented":[855],"applying":[856],"know":[859],"practice.":[865],"First,":[866],"studies":[867,1330,1341],"often":[868,1075],"accurately":[871],"quantified":[872],"instead":[876],"used":[877],"measures":[878],"like":[879],"gross":[885],"markers":[886],"their":[888],"presence.":[889],"Second,":[890],"noted,":[892],"been":[895,1202],"competing":[896],"definitions":[897,976],"literature.":[904,1303],"Third,":[905],"unclear":[911],"whether":[912],"independent":[916],"contribution":[919,1300],"makes":[928],"strides":[930],"addressing":[932],"third":[934],"barrier.":[935],"since":[937],"think":[939],"substance":[942],"remnants,":[944,1024],"actually":[946],"triglycerides,":[947],"need":[949,1104],"mapped":[954],"remnants.":[958],"move":[961,1348,1351],"forward":[962],"research":[965],"community,":[966],"increasingly":[970],"use":[974],"standardized":[975],"promote":[981],"comparability":[983],"synthesis":[989],"data.":[991],"parts":[994],"world,":[997],"routine":[1000],"measure":[1003,1022,1030],"quickly":[1007],"cost.":[1011],"purposes":[1014],"time,":[1017],"though":[1018],"precise":[1021],"non-HDL-C":[1025],"global":[1028,1096],"summary":[1029],"content":[1034],"all":[1036],"apolipoprotein":[1037],"B\u2013containing":[1038],"fractions,":[1041],"including":[1042],"When":[1047],"low,":[1050],"when":[1056],"high\u2014such":[1059],"insulin-resistant":[1064],"states\u2014there":[1065],"can":[1066],"substantial":[1069],"difference":[1070,1082],"30-mg/dL":[1080],"(0.78-mmol/L)":[1081],"frequently":[1083],"cited":[1084],"guidelines":[1086],"(10).":[1087],"Non\u2013HDL-C":[1088],"good":[1091],"starting":[1092],"point":[1093],"assessing":[1095],"burden,":[1099],"but":[1100,1254],"consistent":[1107,1123],"laboratory":[1108],"reporting":[1109],"(11).":[1110],"It":[1111,1161],"note":[1115],"LDL-C":[1129,1141],"(12).":[1133],"particular,":[1135],"individuals":[1136,1193],"due":[1142],"PCSK9":[1144,1152,1195],"deficiency":[1145,1196],"risk.":[1150,1186],"Intriguingly,":[1151],"inhibitors":[1153],"moving":[1155],"rapidly":[1156],"along":[1157,1338],"drug":[1159,1172],"development.":[1160],"critical":[1164],"evaluate":[1166],"ability":[1168],"new":[1171],"class":[1173],"emerging":[1176],"therapeutic":[1177],"options":[1178],"reduce":[1180],"LDL,":[1181],"Interestingly,":[1187],"observed":[1189],"decreased":[1190],"achieved":[1203],"pharmaceutical":[1205],"lipid-lowering":[1206],"applied":[1207],"later":[1208],"life.":[1210],"Along":[1211],"these":[1212,1294],"lines,":[1213],"also":[1216],"signal":[1218],"Cholesterol":[1221],"Treatment":[1222],"Trialists":[1223],"metaregression":[1224],"(13,":[1226],"14)":[1227],"greater":[1230],"proportional":[1231],"lowering":[1235],"statin":[1237],"therapy":[1238],"categories.":[1242],"Such":[1243],"signals":[1244],"sparked":[1246],"concept":[1248],"\u201cthe":[1249],"earlier,":[1250],"better\u201d":[1252],"(12),":[1253],"practical":[1256],"challenge":[1258],"identifying":[1260],"right":[1262],"whom":[1265],"intervene":[1267],"early.":[1268],"strongly":[1270],"direct":[1273],"detection":[1274],"atherosclerosis,":[1277],"perhaps":[1278],"through":[1279],"imaging,":[1280],"play":[1282],"role":[1285,1312],"decision-making":[1288],"(15).":[1289],"conclusion,":[1291],"congratulate":[1293],"distinguished":[1295],"fine":[1299],"data":[1305],"further":[1307,1352],"pathologic":[1311],"triglyceride-rich":[1314],"highlight":[1318],"benefits":[1320],"Future":[1329],"physically":[1332],"separate":[1333],"quantify":[1335],"outcomes":[1340],"pharmacologic":[1343],"lowering,":[1345],"help":[1347],"field":[1350],"forward.":[1353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}