{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170451684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324689","title":"Exploring the accuracy of international trade statistics","display_name":"Exploring the accuracy of international trade statistics","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170451684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324689","mag":"2170451684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/000368498324689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068013953","display_name":"Basim Makhoul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basim Makhoul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018135086","display_name":"Samuel M. Otterstrom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-2384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-2384"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel M. Otterstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43430838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"12","first_page":"1603","last_page":"1616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade-statistics","display_name":"international trade statistics","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-discrepancies","display_name":"statistical discrepancies","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-trade","display_name":"bilateral trade","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7128394842147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778058735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692253","display_name":"Aggregate data","level":2,"score":0.5365602374076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.502509355545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4610665440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4529517889022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4497494697570801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4477611780166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.44686171412467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781304847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23045116","display_name":"Border effect","level":2,"score":0.4280620217323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993305921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315","display_name":"World trade","level":2,"score":0.41277679800987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2074263095855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08511382341384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/000368498324689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/000368498324689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:applec:v:30:y:1998:i:12:p:1603-1616","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/000368498324689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5400000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W562432873","https://openalex.org/W1515758695","https://openalex.org/W1988733864","https://openalex.org/W2003167146","https://openalex.org/W2081510626","https://openalex.org/W2124409302","https://openalex.org/W2530003157","https://openalex.org/W2982776031","https://openalex.org/W4206285827","https://openalex.org/W4234719666","https://openalex.org/W4242911606","https://openalex.org/W4248863121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242911606","https://openalex.org/W1994510983","https://openalex.org/W2756802518","https://openalex.org/W1988733864","https://openalex.org/W2605560680","https://openalex.org/W1492899314","https://openalex.org/W7148627501","https://openalex.org/W2559717910","https://openalex.org/W2088383999","https://openalex.org/W2013941628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,68,159],"comprehensive":[4],"investigation":[5],"of":[6,34,54,74,106,113,117,125,138,153],"statistical":[7],"discrepancies":[8,59,85,140],"in":[9,46,71,132,162,166],"generally":[10],"accepted":[11],"international":[12],"trade":[13,75,139,154],"figures":[14],"published":[15],"by":[16],"the":[17,51,65,72,94,107,114,118,122,126,133,151,163,167],"IMF":[18],"between":[19,141],"1948":[20],"and":[21,27,32,44,57,101,136,144],"1994.":[22],"We":[23],"calculated":[24],"export":[25,99],"over-":[26,43,100],"underestimation":[28,45,102],"for":[29,42,80,104],"each":[30],"country":[31],"all":[33],"their":[35],"bilateral":[36],"trading":[37],"partners.":[38],"By":[39],"keeping":[40],"totals":[41],"separate":[47],"categories":[48],"we":[49],"avoided":[50],"cancellation":[52],"effect":[53],"aggregating":[55],"positive":[56],"negative":[58],"among":[60],"partner":[61],"countries.":[62,146,169],"In":[63],"general,":[64],"results":[66],"show":[67],"significant":[69,129],"improvement":[70],"quality":[73],"data":[76,155],"over":[77],"time.":[78],"However":[79],"many":[81],"countries,":[82],"relatively":[83],"large":[84],"still":[86],"exist":[87],"that":[88,150],"defy":[89],"technical":[90],"explanations,":[91],"such":[92],"as":[93],"CIF-FOB":[95],"margins.":[96],"Also,":[97],"because":[98],"coexist":[103],"most":[105],"countries":[108,143],"at":[109,158],"varying":[110],"degrees,":[111],"use":[112],"aggregate":[115],"sum":[116],"discrepancy":[119],"might":[120],"disguise":[121],"actual":[123],"magnitude":[124,135],"problem.":[127],"A":[128],"difference":[130],"exists":[131],"relative":[134],"dispersion":[137],"OECD":[142,168],"non-OECD":[145,164],"Trend":[147],"analysis":[148],"suggests":[149],"accuracy":[152],"is":[156],"improving":[157],"faster":[160],"rate":[161],"than":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
