{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170253305","doi":null,"title":"Descriptions for a programming environment","display_name":"Descriptions for a programming environment","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170253305","mag":"2170253305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2170253305","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aaaipress.org/Papers/AAAI/1980/AAAI80-053.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420577","display_name":"National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003589697","display_name":"Ira Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-7294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-7294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ira Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-7294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051959560","display_name":"Daniel G. Bobrow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Bobrow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3448,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97641509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"187","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.2930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.2930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.2930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.21610000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smalltalk","display_name":"Smalltalk","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-language","display_name":"description language","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-contracts","display_name":"program contracts","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-constraints","display_name":"formal constraints","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-documentation","display_name":"software documentation","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777293101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235086","display_name":"Smalltalk","level":3,"score":0.8719820976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8324457406997681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6394383907318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6378634572029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5951113700866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5393649339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5256347060203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4000590443611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33255550265312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.2680966258049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13199454545974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2170253305","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aaaipress.org/Papers/AAAI/1980/AAAI80-053.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420577","display_name":"National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828757688","https://openalex.org/W2034967522","https://openalex.org/W2048310176","https://openalex.org/W2076692115","https://openalex.org/W2157368609","https://openalex.org/W2158217915","https://openalex.org/W2724223853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096428393","https://openalex.org/W1756599987","https://openalex.org/W1528874491","https://openalex.org/W2076692115","https://openalex.org/W3197756050","https://openalex.org/W2172906557","https://openalex.org/W1575998740","https://openalex.org/W7095096815","https://openalex.org/W2795296662","https://openalex.org/W2334516452"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PIE":[0,22],"is":[1],"an":[2],"experimental":[3],"personal":[4],"information":[5],"environment":[6],"implemented":[7],"in":[8,105],"Smalltalk":[9],"that":[10,55,63],"uses":[11],"a":[12,24,39,70,118],"description":[13],"language":[14],"to":[15,81,98],"support":[16],"the":[17,43,48,83,91,106],"interactive":[18],"development":[19],"of":[20,26,29,42,57,69],"programs.":[21],"contains":[23],"network":[25,110],"nodes,":[27],"each":[28],"which":[30],"can":[31,60],"be":[32,61],"assigned":[33],"several":[34],"perspectives.":[35],"Each":[36],"perspective":[37],"describes":[38],"different":[40,67],"aspect":[41],"program":[44,115],"structure":[45],"represented":[46],"by":[47,90,117],"node,":[49],"and":[50,94,120],"provides":[51],"specialized":[52],"actions":[53],"from":[54],"point":[56],"view.":[58],"Contracts":[59],"created":[62],"monitor":[64],"nodes":[65],"describing":[66],"parts":[68],"program's":[71],"description.":[72],"Contractual":[73],"agreements":[74],"are":[75,96],"expressible":[76],"as":[77,86],"formal":[78],"constraints,":[79],"or,":[80],"make":[82],"system":[84],"failsoft,":[85],"English":[87],"text":[88],"interpretable":[89],"user.":[92],"Contexts":[93],"layers":[95],"used":[97],"represent":[99],"alternative":[100],"designs":[101],"for":[102],"programs":[103],"described":[104],"network.":[107],"The":[108],"layered":[109],"database":[111],"also":[112],"facilitates":[113],"cooperative":[114],"design":[116],"group,":[119],"coordinated,":[121],"structured":[122],"documentation.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}