{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169909146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","title":"The Depiction of Guns on Prime Time Television","display_name":"The Depiction of Guns on Prime Time Television","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169909146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","mag":"2169909146","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1548857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58099514","display_name":"Journal of School Health","issn_l":"0022-4391","issn":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of School Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101518295","display_name":"James H. Price","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-692X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-692X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Price","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, University of Toledo, OH 43606","Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, University of Toledo, OH 43606","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112757661","display_name":"Elaine A. Merrill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-0362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-0362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaine A. Merrill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069920537","display_name":"Michael Clause","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Clause","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Health Promotion and Human Performance, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8959928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prime-time-television","display_name":"prime-time television","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-violence","display_name":"media violence","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-portrayal","display_name":"victim portrayal","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779017109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745818","display_name":"Prime time","level":2,"score":0.9055325984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779702343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166770","display_name":"Depiction","level":2,"score":0.8858609199523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.7312911748886108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184992742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243229","display_name":"Prime (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.5204044580459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5024583339691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46667516231536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3779522478580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.285148561000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.2681563198566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06908810138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.06345278024673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013690","descriptor_name":"Television","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1992.tb01211.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58099514","display_name":"Journal of School Health","issn_l":"0022-4391","issn":["0022-4391","1746-1561"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of School Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1548857","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1548857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of school health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202919269","https://openalex.org/W1785252971","https://openalex.org/W1894015829","https://openalex.org/W1911355421","https://openalex.org/W1991413265","https://openalex.org/W2010394723","https://openalex.org/W2017358084","https://openalex.org/W2021584230","https://openalex.org/W2046964507","https://openalex.org/W2073770426","https://openalex.org/W2094847768","https://openalex.org/W2129192799","https://openalex.org/W2138828812","https://openalex.org/W2155837644","https://openalex.org/W2163434670","https://openalex.org/W3125461022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136787621","https://openalex.org/W253443500","https://openalex.org/W2093143008","https://openalex.org/W1972727296","https://openalex.org/W7163760964","https://openalex.org/W2003085978","https://openalex.org/W2460298828","https://openalex.org/W2051460850","https://openalex.org/W4299804775","https://openalex.org/W1967581165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"weeks":[1],"of":[2,54,84],"regular":[3],"prime-time":[4],"programming":[5],"on":[6,32],"four":[7],"major":[8],"networks":[9],"(ABC,":[10],"CBS,":[11,33],"Fox,":[12],"and":[13,35,37],"NBC)":[14],"was":[15,75,81],"monitored":[16],"for":[17],"scenes":[18,58],"in":[19,39,50],"which":[20],"guns":[21],"were":[22,28,45],"either":[23],"used":[24,66],"or":[25,90],"displayed.":[26],"Guns":[27],"seen":[29],"most":[30],"often":[31,62],"Saturdays":[34],"Sundays,":[36],"later":[38],"the":[40,55,63,67,82,85,87],"evenings.":[41],"Middle-aged,":[42],"white":[43],"males":[44],"depicted":[46,76],"as":[47,77],"gun":[48,68],"users":[49],"better":[51],"than":[52],"75%":[53],"scenes.":[56],"Most":[57,61],"involved":[59],"pistols.":[60],"person":[64],"who":[65],"suffered":[69],"no":[70],"repercussions.":[71],"When":[72],"a":[73],"victim":[74],"being":[78],"shot,":[79],"seldom":[80],"pain":[83],"victim,":[86],"victim's":[88],"family,":[89],"friends":[91],"demonstrated.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
