{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169809559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","title":"Availability and Expiry of Essential Medicines and Supplies During the \u2018Pull\u2019 and \u2018Push\u2019 Drug Acquisition Systems in a Rural Ugandan Hospital","display_name":"Availability and Expiry of Essential Medicines and Supplies During the \u2018Pull\u2019 and \u2018Push\u2019 Drug Acquisition Systems in a Rural Ugandan Hospital","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169809559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","mag":"2169809559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/download/63555/51396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174262287","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"1596-5996","issn":["1596-5996","1596-9827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311017","host_organization_name":"Pharmacotherapy Group, University of Benin, Benin City","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pharmacotherapy Group, University of Benin, Benin City"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/download/63555/51396","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086647212","display_name":"Yona Tumwine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yona Tumwine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042903186","display_name":"Paul Kutyabami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-9778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-9778"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Kutyabami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082311070","display_name":"Richard Odoi Adome","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A Odoi","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Benin City , 300001 Nigeria","Department of Pharmacy,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Benin City , 300001 Nigeria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014308193","display_name":"Joan Nakayaga Kalyango","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-2909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-2909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan N Kalyango","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","Department of Pharmacy,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":500},"apc_paid":{"value":500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":500},"fwci":3.3291,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92136233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.39160001277923584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-medicines","display_name":"essential medicines","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-supplies","display_name":"medical supplies","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine-availability","display_name":"drug availability","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pull-system","display_name":"pull system","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-systems","display_name":"push systems","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-pharmacy","display_name":"hospital pharmacy","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-hospitals","display_name":"rural hospitals","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation","display_name":"transportation","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/funding","display_name":"funding","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777424817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35456","display_name":"Essential medicines","level":3,"score":0.6696745753288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5901973843574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.5217859745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019492093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29468924","display_name":"Access to medicines","level":3,"score":0.43874362111091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.399568647146225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.36219337582588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.35329657793045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.34048691391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.13817274570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10595864057540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.07613947987556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/download/63555/51396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174262287","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"1596-5996","issn":["1596-5996","1596-9827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311017","host_organization_name":"Pharmacotherapy Group, University of Benin, Benin City","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pharmacotherapy Group, University of Benin, Benin City"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/60491","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/60491","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/0d15acdb-b9d4-4aa0-a5a6-d9939178f78a/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1001.3352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1001.3352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/download/63555/51396/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:cria:bioline:pr:pr10067","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=pr10067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402188","display_name":"Bioline International (Bioline International)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (ISSN: 1596-5996) Vol 9 Num 6","raw_type":"AA"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v9i6.63555","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/download/63555/51396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174262287","display_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","issn_l":"1596-5996","issn":["1596-5996","1596-9827"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311017","host_organization_name":"Pharmacotherapy Group, University of Benin, Benin City","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pharmacotherapy Group, University of Benin, Benin City"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2169809559.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2169809559.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964139689","https://openalex.org/W2052249686","https://openalex.org/W2171256230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095611221","https://openalex.org/W7106528778","https://openalex.org/W2946021480","https://openalex.org/W7097028759","https://openalex.org/W874759541","https://openalex.org/W2945418866","https://openalex.org/W2615185425","https://openalex.org/W7140773697","https://openalex.org/W2615429638","https://openalex.org/W2168332789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,6,10,48,108,120,189],"impact":[4],"of":[5,14,16,34,73,85,168,174,184,191,194,212,217],"\u2018Pull\u2019":[7],"system":[8,55,181],"on":[9],"availability":[11,28,74,167,183],"and":[12,19,22,38,53,90,100,110,132,143,157,176,187,199],"reduction":[13],"expiry":[15],"essential":[17,36,185],"medicines":[18,37,186],"medical":[20,40,91,144],"supplies":[21,41,92,169],"to":[23,166],"determine":[24],"factors":[25],"affecting":[26],"their":[27],"in":[29,47,119,155,162],"Kilembe":[30],"Hospital,":[31],"Uganda.Methods:":[32],"Records":[33],"27":[35],"11":[39],"were":[42,62,66,149,170],"reviewed":[43],"over":[44],"two-year":[45],"periods":[46,122],"Push":[49,109,207],"(2000":[50],"-":[51,57],"2001)":[52],"Pull":[54,111,180,209],"(2004":[56],"2005).":[58],"Key":[59],"informant":[60],"interviews":[61],"conducted.":[63],"The":[64,82,114,179],"data":[65],"analyzed":[67],"using":[68,77],"STATA":[69],"version":[70],"8.":[71],"Comparison":[72],"was":[75,93,123],"effected":[76],"Wilcoxon":[78],"signed":[79],"rank":[80],"tests.Results:":[81],"median":[83],"number":[84],"days":[86,117],"out-of-stock":[87,118],"for":[88,107,141,204],"drugs":[89,142,148],"94":[94],"versus":[95,102,126,135],"24":[96],"(p":[97,104,129,138],"<":[98,105,130],"0.001)":[99,131],"8":[101],"0":[103],"0.39)":[106],"systems,":[112],"respectively.":[113,146],"mean":[115],"percentage":[116],"two":[121],"15.3":[124],"%":[125,128,134,137],"3.5":[127],"1.8":[133],"1.3":[136],"=":[139],"0.34)":[140],"supplies,":[145],"Expired":[147],"worth":[150],"USD":[151,158],"1584":[152],"(25":[153],"items)":[154,161],"2000/2001":[156],"1307":[159],"(13":[160],"2004/2005.":[163],"Factors":[164],"contributing":[165],"inadequate":[171,177],"training,":[172],"lack":[173],"transport":[175],"funding.Conclusion:":[178],"improved":[182],"reduced":[188],"volume":[190],"expiries.":[192],"Availability":[193,211],"funds,":[195],"transport,":[196],"staff":[197],"training":[198],"supervision":[200],"should":[201],"be":[202],"addressed":[203],"maximal":[205],"benefits.Keywords:":[206],"system,":[208,210],"medicines,":[213],"Medicines":[214],"expiryTropical":[215],"Journal":[216],"Pharmaceutical":[218],"Research":[219],"December":[220],"2010;":[221],"9":[222],"(6):":[223],"557-564":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}