{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169548314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.20137","title":"TARIFF ESCALATION: IMPACTS ON U.S. AND GLOBAL RICE TRADE","display_name":"TARIFF ESCALATION: IMPACTS ON U.S. AND GLOBAL RICE TRADE","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169548314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.20137","mag":"2169548314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:aaea04:20137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137/files/sp04wa06.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137/files/sp04wa06.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023122901","display_name":"Eric J. Wailes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wailes, Eric J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arkansas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arkansas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025832302","display_name":"Alvaro Durand\u2010Morat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-2217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-2217"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durand-Morat, Alvaro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hoffman, Linwood A.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoffman, Linwood A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082076129","display_name":"Nathan W. Childs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Childs, Nathan W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8115000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8115000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11898","display_name":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","score":0.08399999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-escalation","display_name":"tariff escalation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-trade","display_name":"rice trade","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milled-rice","display_name":"white rice","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-milling-industry","display_name":"rice milling industry","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-harmonization","display_name":"tariff harmonization","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-grain-rice","display_name":"long-grain rice","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-america","display_name":"Central America","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389","display_name":"Tariff","level":2,"score":0.915346622467041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5259932279586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5200438499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4948210120201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48908692598342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.46185481548309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41330185532569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07530853152275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:aaea04:20137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137/files/sp04wa06.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137/files/sp04wa06.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2169548314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/20137/1/sp04wa06.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:20137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:3125826942","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/aaea04/20137.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497611","display_name":"2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.20137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.20137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.20137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:20137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/20137","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5666999816894531,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W438720373","https://openalex.org/W1590488021","https://openalex.org/W1592396168","https://openalex.org/W1972695309","https://openalex.org/W1979237348","https://openalex.org/W1991937146","https://openalex.org/W1996748622","https://openalex.org/W2024936298","https://openalex.org/W2050243352","https://openalex.org/W2058759816","https://openalex.org/W2189361233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094767463","https://openalex.org/W1105141544","https://openalex.org/W7100397206","https://openalex.org/W2286200325","https://openalex.org/W1582446293","https://openalex.org/W4285147635","https://openalex.org/W4285654536","https://openalex.org/W221932768","https://openalex.org/W4283031788","https://openalex.org/W2278820805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tariff":[0],"escalation":[1,42,75],"is":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"aspect":[5],"of":[6,23,40,82],"protection":[7],"for":[8,57,88],"domestic":[9],"milling":[10,90],"industries,":[11],"particularly":[12],"in":[13,80,95],"Central":[14],"America.":[15],"The":[16,70],"United":[17],"States":[18],"exports":[19],"over":[20],"40":[21],"percent":[22],"its":[24],"rice":[25,52,61,78,89],"as":[26],"paddy.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"uses":[30],"a":[31],"spatial":[32],"equilibrium":[33],"trade":[34,79],"model":[35],"to":[36],"evaluate":[37],"the":[38,86,96],"impacts":[39],"tariff":[41,66,74],"on":[43],"U.S.":[44],"and":[45,50,59,68,91],"global":[46],"long":[47],"grain":[48],"paddy":[49,58,83],"milled":[51,60,65],"trade.":[53],"Tariffs":[54],"are":[55],"harmonized":[56],"at":[62],"two":[63],"levels:":[64],"rates":[67],"zero.":[69],"results":[71],"indicate":[72],"that":[73],"distorts":[76],"US":[77],"favor":[81],"exports,":[84],"reducing":[85],"demand":[87],"associated":[92],"value-added":[93],"activities":[94],"US.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}