{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169537211","doi":null,"title":"High school grading practices: Teacher leaders' reflections, insights, and recommendations","display_name":"High school grading practices: Teacher leaders' reflections, insights, and recommendations","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169537211","mag":"2169537211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3498925","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3498925","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3498925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Webster, Karon Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Webster, Karon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading-practices","display_name":"grading practices","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions","display_name":"teacher perceptions","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-as-leader","display_name":"teacher leaders","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-inflation","display_name":"grade inflation","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-learners","display_name":"English language learners","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-socioeconomic-status-students","display_name":"low socioeconomic status students","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginalized-students","display_name":"marginalized students","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading-equity","display_name":"grading equity","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-resistance-to-change","display_name":"teacher resistance to change","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-leadership","display_name":"principal leadership","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading-policy","display_name":"grading policy","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5269361734390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.45934873819351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.430072546005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40045464038848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37407007813453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33908259868621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.258737176656723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1818019151687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3498925","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3498925","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3498925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":208,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5923596","https://openalex.org/W6082715","https://openalex.org/W21209452","https://openalex.org/W27068922","https://openalex.org/W32329059","https://openalex.org/W33293296","https://openalex.org/W52241398","https://openalex.org/W54663503","https://openalex.org/W78559658","https://openalex.org/W83406030","https://openalex.org/W90549671","https://openalex.org/W93274749","https://openalex.org/W109076964","https://openalex.org/W109365700","https://openalex.org/W109404728","https://openalex.org/W114757179","https://openalex.org/W115394847","https://openalex.org/W118725710","https://openalex.org/W124386114","https://openalex.org/W125334352","https://openalex.org/W130597777","https://openalex.org/W134189577","https://openalex.org/W135258493","https://openalex.org/W142294503","https://openalex.org/W144151758","https://openalex.org/W144561495","https://openalex.org/W149720483","https://openalex.org/W191881771","https://openalex.org/W194132354","https://openalex.org/W196042847","https://openalex.org/W197574459","https://openalex.org/W206990317","https://openalex.org/W246951528","https://openalex.org/W260172437","https://openalex.org/W267764378","https://openalex.org/W304776394","https://openalex.org/W325314667","https://openalex.org/W380575115","https://openalex.org/W420450153","https://openalex.org/W566798685","https://openalex.org/W567316087","https://openalex.org/W572606644","https://openalex.org/W579647521","https://openalex.org/W592881015","https://openalex.org/W600118942","https://openalex.org/W607850524","https://openalex.org/W612083133","https://openalex.org/W625278443","https://openalex.org/W629699710","https://openalex.org/W630856414","https://openalex.org/W634748896","https://openalex.org/W639374768","https://openalex.org/W648158906","https://openalex.org/W656587397","https://openalex.org/W986882345","https://openalex.org/W1207445595","https://openalex.org/W1480961302","https://openalex.org/W1492700637","https://openalex.org/W1496461393","https://openalex.org/W1500549500","https://openalex.org/W1503151755","https://openalex.org/W1504131888","https://openalex.org/W1505733616","https://openalex.org/W1510069224","https://openalex.org/W1524453245","https://openalex.org/W1525298512","https://openalex.org/W1537111700","https://openalex.org/W1537923806","https://openalex.org/W1539905757","https://openalex.org/W1541634262","https://openalex.org/W1542932561","https://openalex.org/W1547268624","https://openalex.org/W1547450212","https://openalex.org/W1550774812","https://openalex.org/W1551949401","https://openalex.org/W1552694465","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1557213263","https://openalex.org/W1564529347","https://openalex.org/W1567059301","https://openalex.org/W1574859497","https://openalex.org/W1588564739","https://openalex.org/W1589340797","https://openalex.org/W1597414570","https://openalex.org/W1597546876","https://openalex.org/W1600350826","https://openalex.org/W1605753888","https://openalex.org/W1605824561","https://openalex.org/W1631767606","https://openalex.org/W1648699220","https://openalex.org/W1658908529","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1914972138","https://openalex.org/W1951008065","https://openalex.org/W1963570618","https://openalex.org/W1964256955","https://openalex.org/W1966233632","https://openalex.org/W1966762234","https://openalex.org/W1966846336","https://openalex.org/W1966864667","https://openalex.org/W1968768022","https://openalex.org/W1969784120","https://openalex.org/W1981842476","https://openalex.org/W1982931496","https://openalex.org/W1984131027","https://openalex.org/W1987229547","https://openalex.org/W1987979543","https://openalex.org/W1988139903","https://openalex.org/W1992437088","https://openalex.org/W1994324487","https://openalex.org/W1999056046","https://openalex.org/W1999732822","https://openalex.org/W2006141708","https://openalex.org/W2008067784","https://openalex.org/W2008256325","https://openalex.org/W2010767970","https://openalex.org/W2012657414","https://openalex.org/W2017090111","https://openalex.org/W2019593869","https://openalex.org/W2022006707","https://openalex.org/W2028310068","https://openalex.org/W2029361261","https://openalex.org/W2033952602","https://openalex.org/W2034158189","https://openalex.org/W2037919684","https://openalex.org/W2043533996","https://openalex.org/W2045501214","https://openalex.org/W2045507107","https://openalex.org/W2053068544","https://openalex.org/W2056144694","https://openalex.org/W2056202388","https://openalex.org/W2056855771","https://openalex.org/W2057439650","https://openalex.org/W2058019683","https://openalex.org/W2060844729","https://openalex.org/W2062288325","https://openalex.org/W2064675344","https://openalex.org/W2065978193","https://openalex.org/W2068421904","https://openalex.org/W2069810749","https://openalex.org/W2070283852","https://openalex.org/W2072682960","https://openalex.org/W2074826665","https://openalex.org/W2077344216","https://openalex.org/W2081152202","https://openalex.org/W2081534702","https://openalex.org/W2082545896","https://openalex.org/W2083386803","https://openalex.org/W2088686590","https://openalex.org/W2092612208","https://openalex.org/W2094719514","https://openalex.org/W2095907159","https://openalex.org/W2096144790","https://openalex.org/W2096806193","https://openalex.org/W2097812075","https://openalex.org/W2099044475","https://openalex.org/W2100848308","https://openalex.org/W2101697721","https://openalex.org/W2103406942","https://openalex.org/W2105843950","https://openalex.org/W2106340360","https://openalex.org/W2107782571","https://openalex.org/W2110647990","https://openalex.org/W2113413790","https://openalex.org/W2114409504","https://openalex.org/W2117811048","https://openalex.org/W2118050624","https://openalex.org/W2120211612","https://openalex.org/W2121899445","https://openalex.org/W2125133415","https://openalex.org/W2127475866","https://openalex.org/W2131442425","https://openalex.org/W2133166606","https://openalex.org/W2134490121","https://openalex.org/W2137416616","https://openalex.org/W2138516416","https://openalex.org/W2140502539","https://openalex.org/W2141058353","https://openalex.org/W2141964226","https://openalex.org/W2142368091","https://openalex.org/W2144519697","https://openalex.org/W2144736690","https://openalex.org/W2144924867","https://openalex.org/W2147403160","https://openalex.org/W2157438050","https://openalex.org/W2160512240","https://openalex.org/W2167884222","https://openalex.org/W2168189183","https://openalex.org/W2182442913","https://openalex.org/W2316033580","https://openalex.org/W2487358037","https://openalex.org/W2560140854","https://openalex.org/W2563483490","https://openalex.org/W2703802103","https://openalex.org/W2727082780","https://openalex.org/W2795695022","https://openalex.org/W2796726394","https://openalex.org/W2799040786","https://openalex.org/W2814747733","https://openalex.org/W2909166138","https://openalex.org/W2970837565","https://openalex.org/W2988918164","https://openalex.org/W3082575655","https://openalex.org/W3110210967","https://openalex.org/W3124980800","https://openalex.org/W3162912899","https://openalex.org/W4400440977","https://openalex.org/W4408371363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W339483823","https://openalex.org/W3006600350","https://openalex.org/W4406723174","https://openalex.org/W3212793802","https://openalex.org/W4280598488","https://openalex.org/W2885419882","https://openalex.org/W7002025945","https://openalex.org/W7061539524","https://openalex.org/W2100788208","https://openalex.org/W2796083013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"high":[1],"school":[2,338],"grading":[3,18,56,151,208,258,281,318],"practices,":[4,24,65,67,259,319],"embedded":[5],"in":[6,239],"schools":[7],"and":[8,26,58,68,90,102,118,144,156,176,193,216,228,240,254,275,298,324,337,340],"resistant":[9],"to":[10,22,41,51,71,164,301,306],"change,":[11],"can":[12,194],"have":[13,195,261],"negative":[14,197],"consequences.":[15],"Research":[16],"on":[17,30,55,213,287],"provides":[19],"valuable":[20],"contributions":[21],"understanding":[23],"issues":[25],"recommendations.":[27],"However,":[28],"research":[29,43],"teachers'":[31,39,53],"perspectives":[32,54],"is":[33],"limited.":[34],"This":[35],"study":[36,49],"contributes":[37],"the":[38,42,119,125,165,177,221,247,311],"voice":[40],"conversation.":[44],"The":[45,93,105,112,130,200,224,329],"purpose":[46],"of":[47,99,124,171,249],"this":[48],"was":[50],"examine":[52],"practices":[57,179,271],"explore":[59],"how":[60],"teacher":[61,116,128,234,294,341],"leaders'":[62],"describe":[63],"current":[64],"desired":[66,73],"actions":[69,313],"needed":[70],"achieve":[72],"practices.":[74,308,342],"Using":[75],"a":[76,84,87,97,207,211,217,278,284,326],"mixed":[77],"methods":[78],"design,":[79],"I":[80],"gathered":[81,107],"data":[82,108,225],"through":[83],"document":[85,94,131],"review,":[86],"survey,":[88],"interviews,":[89],"focus":[91,120,212,229,286],"groups.":[92],"review":[95,98,132],"included":[96,114,122],"policies,":[100,339],"procedures":[101],"student":[103,198,214],"grades.":[104],"survey":[106,166,201],"from":[109,220,226],"42":[110],"teachers.":[111],"interviews":[113,227],"eight":[115,126],"leaders":[117,291],"group":[121],"six":[123],"interviewed":[127],"leaders.":[129],"revealed":[133,203],"that":[134,204,233],"traditionally":[135],"marginalized":[136],"students":[137,192],"(including":[138],"English":[139],"Language":[140],"Learners,":[141],"Hispanic":[142],"students,":[143],"those":[145],"with":[146,153,210,242,256,272,283],"low":[147],"socioeconomic":[148],"status)":[149],"had":[150],"patterns":[152],"more":[154,279],"Fs":[155],"fewer":[157],"As":[158],"than":[159],"other":[160],"students.":[161],"Teachers'":[162],"responses":[163],"showed":[167],"they":[168,183],"were":[169],"aware":[170],"multiple":[172],"proposes":[173],"for":[174,191,266,314,333],"grades":[175,187],"inconsistent":[178],"teachers":[180,205],"use":[181],"when":[182],"grade.":[184],"They":[185,309],"reported":[186],"often":[188],"lack":[189],"meaning":[190],"significant":[196],"impact.":[199],"also":[202,292],"desire":[206,277],"system":[209,282],"achievement":[215],"move":[218],"away":[219],"A\u2013F":[222],"scale.":[223],"groups":[230],"provided":[231],"evidence":[232],"leaders:":[235],"(a)":[236],"earnestly":[237],"engage":[238],"struggle":[241],"grading,":[243,267,323],"(b)":[244],"worry":[245],"about":[246,317,322],"effect":[248],"grades,":[250],"(c)":[251],"are":[252],"uncertain":[253],"dissatisfied":[255],"their":[257],"(d)":[260],"little":[262],"training":[263],"or":[264],"support":[265],"(e)":[268],"combine":[269],"traditional":[270],"constant":[273],"experimentation,":[274],"(f)":[276],"consistent":[280],"clearer":[285],"academic":[288],"achievement.":[289],"Teacher":[290],"report":[293],"resistance,":[295],"internal":[296],"structures":[297],"pressure":[299],"related":[300],"external":[302],"expectations":[303],"as":[304],"obstacles":[305],"improving":[307],"recommend":[310],"following":[312],"principals:":[315],"learn":[316],"lead":[320],"conversations":[321],"create":[325],"safe":[327],"environment.":[328],"discussion":[330],"presents":[331],"implications":[332],"educational":[334],"leaders,":[335],"district":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
