{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169165039","doi":null,"title":"Glutathione protects cardiac and skeletal muscle from cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity.","display_name":"Glutathione protects cardiac and skeletal muscle from cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169165039","mag":"2169165039","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2317829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2317829","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2317829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109335405","display_name":"Friedman Hs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H S Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002034160","display_name":"O. Michael Colvin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O M Colvin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072240693","display_name":"Kazuo Aisaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Aisaka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J Popp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Popp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052961143","display_name":"E H Bossen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E H Bossen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103540832","display_name":"Keith A. Reimer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K A Reimer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069779239","display_name":"Powell Jb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J B Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016376222","display_name":"Adrian Hilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-238X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-238X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Hilton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103676555","display_name":"Gross Ss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S S Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008525000","display_name":"Roberto Levi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-2860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-2860"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Levi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1146,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94538606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"8","first_page":"2455","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12429","display_name":"Chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity mitigation","score":0.39649999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12429","display_name":"Chemotherapy-induced organ toxicity mitigation","score":0.39649999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.17180000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11481","display_name":"Sulfur Compounds in Biology","score":0.12370000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione","display_name":"glutathione","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclophosphamide","display_name":"cyclophosphamide","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiotoxicity","display_name":"cardiotoxicity","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-muscle-toxicity","display_name":"skeletal muscle toxicity","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-depletion","display_name":"glutathione depletion","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventricular-fibrillation","display_name":"ventricular fibrillation","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-interactions","display_name":"adverse drug interactions","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-toxicity","display_name":"drug toxicity","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nude-mice","display_name":"nude mice","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fischer-344-rats","display_name":"F344 rats","score":0.9670000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.8499854207038879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.8014664053916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776755627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408524","display_name":"Cyclophosphamide","level":3,"score":0.7825459241867065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777476445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5002519","display_name":"Buthionine sulfoximine","level":4,"score":0.7642921805381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.6291924715042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6019927859306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778996579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10334846","display_name":"Cardiac muscle","level":2,"score":0.47741973400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778233292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118956","display_name":"Cardiotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.45935630798339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4128406047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.40692320466041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3681376874446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3523567318916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.3470749258995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.19645965099334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.05305710434913635}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003520","descriptor_name":"Cyclophosphamide","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003520","descriptor_name":"Cyclophosphamide","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005978","descriptor_name":"Glutathione","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005978","descriptor_name":"Glutathione","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008717","descriptor_name":"Methionine Sulfoximine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008717","descriptor_name":"Methionine Sulfoximine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008819","descriptor_name":"Mice, Nude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010752","descriptor_name":"Phosphoramide Mustards","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011916","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred F344","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019328","descriptor_name":"Buthionine Sulfoximine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2317829","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2317829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2169165039","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2317829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5487233072","display_name":"SRC on Primary Tumors of the CNS","funder_award_id":"P50NS020023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6659280589","display_name":"MELPHALAN CYTOTOXICITY AND RESISTANCE IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA","funder_award_id":"R01CA044640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535828429","https://openalex.org/W1588826234","https://openalex.org/W1870262831","https://openalex.org/W1995577444","https://openalex.org/W2018127870","https://openalex.org/W2048565864","https://openalex.org/W2054587417","https://openalex.org/W2058528128","https://openalex.org/W2089473410","https://openalex.org/W2100809362","https://openalex.org/W2419629823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090590735","https://openalex.org/W2017786379","https://openalex.org/W1970550848","https://openalex.org/W1988988098","https://openalex.org/W2076214182","https://openalex.org/W2410065434","https://openalex.org/W2343696406","https://openalex.org/W1964524887","https://openalex.org/W2132355627","https://openalex.org/W4407987344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Administration":[0],"of":[1,11,64,86,133,138],"cyclophosphamide":[2,44,87,106,149],"at":[3],"a":[4,129],"dose":[5,45],"which":[6],"is":[7,75,125],"lethal":[8],"to":[9,60,110,127],"10%":[10],"control":[12],"athymic":[13],"nude":[14],"mice":[15,25],"resulted":[16],"in":[17,23],"sudden":[18],"death":[19],"within":[20],"3":[21],"h":[22],"all":[24],"that":[26,72,90,118],"had":[27],"been":[28],"pretreated":[29,40],"with":[30,41],"the":[31,43,62,80,114,134,139],"glutathione":[32,74,98,112,123],"synthesis":[33],"inhibitor":[34],"L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine.":[35],"In":[36],"Fischer":[37],"344":[38],"rats":[39],"L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine,":[42],"producing":[46],"100%":[47],"acute":[48],"toxicity":[49,85,92,145],"was":[50],"lowered":[51],"from":[52],"500-150":[53],"mg/kg;":[54],"cardiac":[55,81,119],"monitoring":[56],"revealed":[57],"ventricular":[58],"fibrillation":[59],"be":[61,94,128],"cause":[63],"death.":[65],"These":[66],"and":[67,82,88,102,120,136,143],"additional":[68],"studies":[69,116],"reported":[70],"demonstrate":[71],"cytoplasmic":[73],"an":[76],"important":[77],"protectant":[78],"against":[79],"skeletal":[83,121],"muscle":[84,122],"indicate":[89],"such":[91],"may":[93],"substantially":[95],"increased":[96],"by":[97],"depletion.":[99],"Since":[100],"diet":[101],"many":[103],"drugs":[104],"(including":[105],"itself)":[107],"are":[108],"known":[109],"affect":[111],"levels,":[113],"present":[115],"suggest":[117],"content":[124],"likely":[126],"clinically":[130],"significant":[131],"determinant":[132],"frequency":[135],"severity":[137],"adverse":[140],"drug":[141],"interactions":[142],"systemic":[144],"sometimes":[146],"observed":[147],"during":[148],"therapy.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
