{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169102366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.94985","title":"Novel hybrid optically bistable switch: The quantum well self-electro-optic effect device","display_name":"Novel hybrid optically bistable switch: The quantum well self-electro-optic effect device","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169102366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.94985","mag":"2169102366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.94985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.94985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.94985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044137053","display_name":"David A. B. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-7479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-7479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. B. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037701220","display_name":"D. S. Chemla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-9896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-9896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. S. Chemla","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110167658","display_name":"Theo C. Damen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. C. Damen","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107898923","display_name":"Arthur C. Gossard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Gossard","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022006477","display_name":"W. Wiegmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Wiegmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110194145","display_name":"Thomas H. Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. H. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Crawford Hill, New Jersey 07733"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Crawford Hill, New Jersey 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082120496","display_name":"CHARLES A. BURRUS","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. A. Burrus","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Crawford Hill, New Jersey 07733"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Crawford Hill, New Jersey 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.6104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":552,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99972371,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.88919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.88919997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-bistability","display_name":"optical bistability","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switching","display_name":"optical switching","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-modulators","display_name":"optical modulators","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetectors","display_name":"photodetectors","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-optoelectronic-devices","display_name":"hybrid optoelectronic devices","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-switching-energy","display_name":"low switching energy","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/room-temperature-operation","display_name":"room-temperature operation","score":0.824999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97292510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304620","display_name":"Bistability","level":2,"score":0.8128646612167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.7098671793937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.708486795425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.6049692630767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777277759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098832","display_name":"Optical bistability","level":4,"score":0.5601678490638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5310240983963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.5302196145057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5258603096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.48774272203445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198461270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642727","display_name":"Electro-optics","level":2,"score":0.45456013083457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521166","display_name":"Quantum well","level":3,"score":0.4514178931713104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.43339356780052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.42255163192749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2985612750053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.1581522524356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.10113531351089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.94985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.94985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.94985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963974803","https://openalex.org/W1966801064","https://openalex.org/W1970555157","https://openalex.org/W1974404034","https://openalex.org/W1990924907","https://openalex.org/W1997286714","https://openalex.org/W2014077048","https://openalex.org/W2022595055","https://openalex.org/W2024689544","https://openalex.org/W2038861382","https://openalex.org/W2050594039","https://openalex.org/W2055194857","https://openalex.org/W2064012596","https://openalex.org/W2089335393","https://openalex.org/W2096073562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771426751","https://openalex.org/W2049284076","https://openalex.org/W2121718231","https://openalex.org/W3022976590","https://openalex.org/W22272519","https://openalex.org/W1974292025","https://openalex.org/W2086230425","https://openalex.org/W2090590273","https://openalex.org/W2061267003","https://openalex.org/W2047116602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"a":[2,8,30,93],"new":[3],"type":[4,48],"of":[5,44],"optoelectronic":[6],"device,":[7],"self-electro-optic":[9],"effect":[10],"device":[11],"(SEED),":[12],"which":[13,49],"uses":[14],"the":[15,38,45],"same":[16],"GaAs/GaAlAs":[17],"multiple":[18],"quantum":[19],"well":[20],"material":[21],"simultaneously":[22],"as":[23,69,71,77,79],"an":[24],"optical":[25,41,89],"detector":[26],"and":[27,33,54],"modulator.":[28],"Using":[29],"series":[31],"resistor":[32],"constant":[34],"voltage":[35],"bias":[36],"supply":[37],"SEED":[39],"shows":[40],"bistabilty":[42],"(OB)":[43],"recently":[46],"discovered":[47],"relies":[50],"on":[51],"increasing":[52],"absorption":[53],"requires":[55],"no":[56],"mirrors.":[57],"OB":[58],"is":[59],"seen":[60],"at":[61,67],"room":[62],"temperature":[63],"from":[64],"\u223c850\u2013860":[65],"nm,":[66],"powers":[68],"low":[70],"670":[72],"nW":[73],"or":[74],"switching":[75,90],"times":[76],"short":[78],"400":[80],"ns":[81],"(limited":[82],"only":[83],"by":[84],"power":[85],"restrictions)":[86],"with":[87],"\u223c1-nJ":[88],"energy":[91],"in":[92],"600-\u03bcm-diam":[94],"device.":[95],"Total":[96],"energies":[97],"per":[98],"unit":[99],"area":[100],"(\u223c18":[101],"fJ/\u03bcm2)":[102],"are":[103],"substantially":[104],"lower":[105],"than":[106],"any":[107],"previously":[108],"reported":[109],"for":[110],"OB.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}