{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168710850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","title":"A General Framework for Analyzing the Genetic Architecture of Developmental Characteristics","display_name":"A General Framework for Analyzing the Genetic Architecture of Developmental Characteristics","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168710850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","mag":"2168710850","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15082567","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1470782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65932378","display_name":"Genetics","issn_l":"0016-6731","issn":["0016-6731","1943-2631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088306828","display_name":"Rongling Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6421","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-7779","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0005-1025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rongling Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","Institute of Statistical Genetics, Zhejiang Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Statistical Genetics, Zhejiang Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060696932","display_name":"Chang\u2010Xing Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4696-2008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4696-2008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Xing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109470583","display_name":"Min Juan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-4898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-4898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080225575","display_name":"George Casella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-8278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-8278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Casella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088306828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954","https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":4477,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4477},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1038,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96315396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"166","issue":"3","first_page":"1541","last_page":"1551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.5205000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.45649999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-architecture","display_name":"genetic architecture","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-characteristics","display_name":"developmental characteristics","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-trait-loci","display_name":"quantitative trait loci","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-curve-modeling","display_name":"growth curve models","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontogeny","display_name":"ontogeny","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistasis","display_name":"epistasis","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-trees","display_name":"forest trees","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-phenotypes","display_name":"complex phenotypes","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-developmental-biology","display_name":"evolutionary developmental biology","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8112813234329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9287583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532883","display_name":"Genetic architecture","level":4,"score":0.6614115238189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5906426906585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4830370843410492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4815662205219269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.47251754999160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.18794772028923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.1494915783405304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002874","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004843","descriptor_name":"Epistasis, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006128","descriptor_name":"Growth","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008040","descriptor_name":"Genetic Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012150","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032107","descriptor_name":"Populus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032107","descriptor_name":"Populus","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032461","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Plant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040641","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Trait Loci","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.166.3.1541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65932378","display_name":"Genetics","issn_l":"0016-6731","issn":["0016-6731","1943-2631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15082567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15082567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11772746","https://openalex.org/W1544882311","https://openalex.org/W1554403518","https://openalex.org/W1564170918","https://openalex.org/W1577941315","https://openalex.org/W1847290645","https://openalex.org/W1860355084","https://openalex.org/W1864236842","https://openalex.org/W1916615802","https://openalex.org/W1940291897","https://openalex.org/W1944381374","https://openalex.org/W1949383699","https://openalex.org/W1964138215","https://openalex.org/W1968997043","https://openalex.org/W1975011719","https://openalex.org/W2013421524","https://openalex.org/W2030511405","https://openalex.org/W2031424280","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2051921576","https://openalex.org/W2059206901","https://openalex.org/W2061581846","https://openalex.org/W2064823563","https://openalex.org/W2078140686","https://openalex.org/W2080433180","https://openalex.org/W2080641574","https://openalex.org/W2081915704","https://openalex.org/W2089661950","https://openalex.org/W2096186160","https://openalex.org/W2100730076","https://openalex.org/W2121219763","https://openalex.org/W2125370967","https://openalex.org/W2125860227","https://openalex.org/W2132136192","https://openalex.org/W2133592628","https://openalex.org/W2140091781","https://openalex.org/W2142710921","https://openalex.org/W2156588882","https://openalex.org/W2157308673","https://openalex.org/W2161653752","https://openalex.org/W2163285329","https://openalex.org/W2278685458","https://openalex.org/W2312736935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047544611","https://openalex.org/W1972130972","https://openalex.org/W2051921576","https://openalex.org/W2434349777","https://openalex.org/W2003015710","https://openalex.org/W2121344045","https://openalex.org/W7097683698","https://openalex.org/W2148720618","https://openalex.org/W2356755172","https://openalex.org/W2133467365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,160],"genetic":[1,30,108],"architecture":[2],"of":[3,17,23,51,80,125,129,136,155,166,169,175,188],"growth":[4,101,157,214],"traits":[5],"plays":[6],"a":[7,20,66,126,167,217],"central":[8],"role":[9,174],"in":[10,177,216],"shaping":[11],"the":[12,48,56,77,88,94,111,116,134,139,153,164,173,186,192],"growth,":[13,180],"development,":[14],"and":[15,45,54,110,133,158,182,184],"evolution":[16],"organisms.":[18],"While":[19],"limited":[21],"number":[22,128,168],"models":[24],"have":[25,202],"been":[26,38],"devised":[27],"to":[28,40,104,114,146],"estimate":[29],"effects":[31,210],"on":[32,152,211],"complex":[33,81],"phenotypes,":[34],"no":[35],"model":[36,69,84,105,113,141,161],"has":[37],"available":[39],"examine":[41],"how":[42],"gene":[43],"actions":[44],"interactions":[46],"alter":[47],"ontogenetic":[49,156],"development":[50],"an":[52,150],"organism":[53],"transform":[55],"altered":[57],"ontogeny":[58],"into":[59],"descendants.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"article,":[63],"we":[64,201],"present":[65],"novel":[67],"statistical":[68,144],"for":[70,163,185],"mapping":[71],"quantitative":[72],"trait":[73],"loci":[74],"(QTL)":[75],"determining":[76,178],"developmental":[78,189],"process":[79],"traits.":[82],"Our":[83],"is":[85],"constructed":[86],"within":[87],"traditional":[89],"maximum-likelihood":[90],"framework":[91],"implemented":[92],"with":[93,194],"EM":[95],"algorithm.":[96],"We":[97],"employ":[98],"biologically":[99],"meaningful":[100],"curve":[102],"equations":[103],"time-specific":[106],"expected":[107],"values":[109],"AR(1)":[112],"structure":[115],"residual":[117],"variance-covariance":[118],"matrix":[119],"among":[120],"different":[121],"time":[122],"points.":[123],"Because":[124],"reduced":[127],"parameters":[130],"being":[131],"estimated":[132],"incorporation":[135],"biological":[137,170,179],"principles,":[138],"new":[140],"displays":[142],"increased":[143],"power":[145],"detect":[147],"QTL":[148],"exerting":[149],"effect":[151],"shape":[154,183],"development.":[159],"allows":[162],"tests":[165],"hypotheses":[171],"regarding":[172],"epistasis":[176],"form,":[181],"resolution":[187],"problems":[190],"at":[191],"interface":[193],"evolution.":[195],"Using":[196],"our":[197],"newly":[198],"developed":[199],"model,":[200],"successfully":[203],"detected":[204],"significant":[205],"additive":[206,208],"x":[207],"epistatic":[209],"stem":[212],"height":[213],"trajectories":[215],"forest":[218],"tree.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}