{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168604342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","title":"The 1990 Dublin Convention: A Comprehensive Assessment","display_name":"The 1990 Dublin Convention: A Comprehensive Assessment","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168604342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","mag":"2168604342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59956449","display_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","issn_l":"0953-8186","issn":["0953-8186","1464-3715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063724183","display_name":"Agn\u00e8s Hurwitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Hurwitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063724183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2998,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3954},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98095302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"646","last_page":"677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14255","display_name":"European Law and Migration","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14255","display_name":"European Law and Migration","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13948","display_name":"Gender and Women's Rights","score":0.10679999738931656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dublin-system","display_name":"Dublin system","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asylum-responsibility","display_name":"asylum responsibility","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eurodac","display_name":"Eurodac","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-database","display_name":"fingerprint database","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opt-out-clause","display_name":"opt-out clause","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-protection","display_name":"humanitarian protection","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-reunification","display_name":"family reunification","score":0.9950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780608745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367293","display_name":"Convention","level":2,"score":0.8631423711776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6733527779579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780532074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200314","display_name":"Derogation","level":2,"score":0.629880428314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777861868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member state","level":4,"score":0.5845664739608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5750339031219482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5584316253662109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5224489569664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019422483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member states","level":3,"score":0.46530041098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.4437296688556671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778042224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163552","display_name":"State responsibility","level":3,"score":0.41796571016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.29769259691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.23971378803253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23315346240997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12098965048789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.08698475360870361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/11.4.646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59956449","display_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","issn_l":"0953-8186","issn":["0953-8186","1464-3715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Refugee Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504081972","https://openalex.org/W4250680420","https://openalex.org/W4307084679","https://openalex.org/W4252767929","https://openalex.org/W2500285261","https://openalex.org/W3210691652","https://openalex.org/W7135512194","https://openalex.org/W2411471684","https://openalex.org/W2918754940","https://openalex.org/W69038643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,112,164,210,253],"1990":[1],"Dublin":[2,281],"Convention":[3,48,113,168,205],"which":[4,85,88,144,216,270],"entered":[5],"into":[6,197],"force":[7],"on":[8,97,279],"1":[9],"September":[10],"1997,":[11],"establishes":[12],"a":[13,40,146,218,273],"system":[14],"determining":[15,223],"the":[16,21,29,33,44,47,60,63,76,80,86,91,98,101,120,137,140,159,162,167,176,188,200,204,213,221,239,242,247,257,259,268,280,284],"State":[17,52,87,103,122],"responsible":[18,105,121],"for":[19,23,106,173,178],"examining":[20,107],"applications":[22,172],"asylum":[24,95,150,251],"lodged":[25],"in":[26,49,56,123,158,207,229,283],"one":[27,198],"of":[28,32,43,46,51,75,82,93,100,149,161,166,190,194,199,212,241,250,256,261,275],"Member":[30,102,201,243],"States":[31,202,244],"European":[34],"Communities.":[35],"This":[36],"article":[37],"will":[38,271],"present":[39,272],"critical":[41],"assessment":[42],"operation":[45,160],"light":[50],"practice":[53],"and":[54,62,66,185,231],"case-law":[55],"Belgium,":[57],"France,":[58],"Germany,":[59],"Netherlands":[61],"United":[64],"Kingdom":[65],"provide":[67],"some":[68],"suggestions":[69],"towards":[70],"its":[71],"improvement.":[72],"underpinning":[74],"\u00abDublin":[77],"system\u00bb":[78],"is":[79,104,225,235],"principle":[81,260],"authorisation,":[83,262],"under":[84],"has":[89],"\u00abauthorised\u00bb":[90],"entry":[92,196],"an":[94],"seeker":[96],"territory":[99],"his":[108],"or":[109],"her":[110],"application.":[111],"sets":[114],"out":[115],"objective":[116],"criteria":[117,222],"to":[118,135,220,245],"determine":[119],"accordance":[124],"with":[125],"that":[126],"principle.":[127],"Complex":[128],"procedural":[129],"rules":[130],"have":[131,156],"also":[132,236,264],"been":[133],"adopted":[134],"implement":[136],"Convention,":[138],"including":[139],"draft":[141],"EURODAC":[142],"instrument":[143,277,282],"organises":[145],"centralised":[147],"database":[148],"seekers\u00bb":[151],"fingerprints.":[152],"Yet,":[153],"various":[154],"problems":[155],"appeared":[157],"Convention.":[163],"scope":[165],"does":[169],"not":[170],"include":[171],"humanitarian":[174,230],"protection,":[175],"conditions":[177],"family":[179,232],"reunification":[180],"are":[181],"too":[182],"strictly":[183],"defined,":[184],"most":[186],"importantly":[187],"difficulty":[189],"providing":[191],"strong":[192],"evidence":[193],"illegal":[195],"renders":[203],"useless":[206],"many":[208],"cases.":[209],"application":[211],"\u00abopt-out\u00bb":[214],"clause,":[215],"creates":[217],"derogation":[219],"responsibility,":[224],"therefore":[226],"quite":[227],"common":[228],"cases,":[233],"but":[234],"used":[237],"by":[238,267],"authorities":[240],"ensure":[246],"swift":[248],"expulsion":[249],"seekers.":[252],"very":[254],"basis":[255],"system,":[258],"should":[263],"be":[265],"re-examined":[266],"Commission":[269],"proposal":[274],"Community":[276],"based":[278],"near":[285],"future.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}