{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168599594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008783928389","title":"Distinct Functions of Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta Isoforms: Implications for Targeted Therapy","display_name":"Distinct Functions of Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta Isoforms: Implications for Targeted Therapy","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168599594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008783928389","mag":"2168599594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18393922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/187153008783928389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008783928389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008783928389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179974","display_name":"Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets","issn_l":"1871-5303","issn":["1871-5303","2212-3873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine\u201a Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048279747","display_name":"Catherine B. Swift","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269449","display_name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046r1r105","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Swift","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003245399","display_name":"John L. Hays","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3140-8677","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3140-8677"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Hays","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051036544","display_name":"William Jeffrey Petty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1553-1838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1553-1838"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Petty","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59322034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11559","display_name":"Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11559","display_name":"Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11072","display_name":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10469","display_name":"Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinoic-acid-receptor-beta","display_name":"retinoic acid receptor beta","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinoids","display_name":"retinoids","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinoid-x-receptor","display_name":"retinoid X receptor","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dominant-negative-isoform","display_name":"dominant-negative isoform","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-targeting","display_name":"epigenetic targeting","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemoprevention","display_name":"chemoprevention","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-a","display_name":"vitamin A","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53345823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531554","display_name":"Gene isoform","level":3,"score":0.7637803554534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775954498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420418","display_name":"Retinoid","level":4,"score":0.7022820711135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425517","display_name":"Retinoic acid","level":3,"score":0.6545829772949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6264830827713013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120197328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2838685","display_name":"Retinoic acid receptor","level":4,"score":0.6068768501281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.4874746799468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68484354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17516011","display_name":"Retinoid X receptor alpha","level":5,"score":0.4592021107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418192","display_name":"Bexarotene","level":5,"score":0.4533235430717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162253465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031338","display_name":"Retinoid X receptor gamma","level":5,"score":0.41695427894592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.4136416018009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.38083362579345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63932345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422500","display_name":"Nuclear receptor","level":4,"score":0.32852548360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.32593798637390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.285026490688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2607073187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.15351718664169312}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007536","descriptor_name":"Isomerism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008958","descriptor_name":"Models, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012176","descriptor_name":"Retinoids","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018168","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Retinoic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018168","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Retinoic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018168","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Retinoic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/187153008783928389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008783928389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187153008783928389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179974","display_name":"Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets","issn_l":"1871-5303","issn":["1871-5303","2212-3873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine\u201a Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18393922","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18393922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6436314706","display_name":"Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics","funder_award_id":"P41RR001081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309558","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332622","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979622911","https://openalex.org/W2317603381","https://openalex.org/W2041112588","https://openalex.org/W2122808667","https://openalex.org/W1963910899","https://openalex.org/W2183536884","https://openalex.org/W4247241527","https://openalex.org/W2259710704","https://openalex.org/W2113680845","https://openalex.org/W1863735164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vitamin":[0],"A":[1],"is":[2,136],"essential":[3],"for":[4,193],"development":[5],"and":[6,21,36,48,50,67,92,118,133,169],"differentiation":[7],"of":[8,25,53,58,62,69,80,88,99,109,123,171,183,198],"multiple":[9,51],"tissues.":[10],"Its":[11],"derivatives,":[12],"the":[13,59,160,167,180,195],"retinoids,":[14],"are":[15,29,42,72],"potent":[16],"drugs":[17,151],"used":[18],"to":[19,155,204],"treat":[20],"prevent":[22],"a":[23],"variety":[24],"diseases.":[26],"Retinoid":[27],"effects":[28,61],"mediated":[30,73],"by":[31,96],"retinoic":[32],"acid":[33],"receptors":[34,39],"(RARs)":[35],"retinoid":[37],"X":[38],"(RXRs).":[40],"There":[41],"three":[43],"known":[44],"RARs":[45],"(alpha,":[46],"beta,":[47],"gamma),":[49],"isoforms":[52,79,87,104,122,173],"each":[54],"receptor":[55],"exist.":[56],"Many":[57],"therapeutic":[60],"retinoids":[63,206],"including":[64,201],"cancer":[65],"chemoprevention":[66],"treatment":[68],"dermatologic":[70],"disorders":[71],"through":[74],"RARbeta.":[75],"In":[76],"humans,":[77],"five":[78],"this":[81,124,140],"gene":[82,101,125,129],"have":[83,152],"been":[84,153],"described.":[85],"Specific":[86],"RARbeta":[89,161,172,185],"exert":[90],"distinct":[91,107],"sometimes":[93],"opposing":[94],"functions":[95,189],"altering":[97],"patterns":[98],"target":[100,110,128],"induction.":[102],"Functional":[103],"that":[105,126],"activate":[106],"cassettes":[108],"genes":[111],"with":[112,207],"differing":[113],"biologic":[114],"consequences":[115],"include":[116,131],"RARbeta1'":[117],"RARbeta2.":[119],"Dominant":[120],"negative":[121],"inhibit":[127],"activation":[130],"RARbeta4":[132],"RARbeta5.":[134],"RARbeta1":[135],"poorly":[137],"understood":[138],"although":[139],"may":[141],"function":[142,170],"as":[143,174,176],"an":[144],"oncogene":[145],"in":[146,159,179],"certain":[147],"cancers.":[148],"Chromatin":[149],"modifying":[150,209],"shown":[154],"trigger":[156],"isoform-specific":[157,188],"changes":[158],"gene.":[162],"This":[163],"review":[164],"focuses":[165],"on":[166],"structure":[168],"well":[175],"recent":[177],"work":[178],"epigenetic":[181],"targeting":[182],"specific":[184],"isoforms.":[186],"Discerning":[187],"will":[190],"be":[191],"critical":[192],"exploiting":[194],"full":[196],"potential":[197],"retinoid-based":[199],"therapy":[200],"rational":[202],"approaches":[203],"combining":[205],"chromatin":[208],"drugs.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}