{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168596402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564873","title":"Detection of electrical spin injection by light-emitting diodes in top- and side-emission configurations","display_name":"Detection of electrical spin injection by light-emitting diodes in top- and side-emission configurations","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168596402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564873","mag":"2168596402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1564873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0302477","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032431407","display_name":"Roland Fiederling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Fiederling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070964217","display_name":"P. Grabs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Grabs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012939980","display_name":"W. Ossau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Ossau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068060954","display_name":"Georg Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-6543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-6543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085660056","display_name":"Laurens W. Molenkamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-5179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-5179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. W. Molenkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisches Institut (EPIII), W\u00fcrzburg University, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96848928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"82","issue":"13","first_page":"2160","last_page":"2162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.6265000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.6265000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.33500000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12612","display_name":"Strong Light-Matter Interactions","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-spin-injection","display_name":"electrical spin injection","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-light-emitting-diodes","display_name":"spin light-emitting diodes","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diodes","display_name":"light-emitting diodes","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-polarization","display_name":"circular polarization","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroluminescence","display_name":"electroluminescence","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-polarization","display_name":"spin polarization","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algaas","display_name":"AlGaAs","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-well-excitons","display_name":"quantum well excitons","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonant-optical-pumping","display_name":"resonant optical pumping","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesa-structure","display_name":"mesa structure","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31625292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215803","display_name":"Electroluminescence","level":3,"score":0.9300185441970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.766040563583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6287001967430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5945572257041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153201621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121676","display_name":"Circular polarization","level":3,"score":0.5902227163314819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5380702614784241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5365946292877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17729963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858289","display_name":"Exciton","level":2,"score":0.49964451789855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.49417904019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985930086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65037198","display_name":"Light emission","level":2,"score":0.4809555113315582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21690051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962347","display_name":"Spin polarization","level":3,"score":0.4753134846687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121524040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11942175","display_name":"Polarizer","level":3,"score":0.46572181582450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3443833589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.21928822994232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20603829622268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18718388676643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08653426170349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.07669997215270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125743686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779","display_name":"Birefringence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639055","display_name":"Microstrip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1564873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1564873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0302477","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0302477","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0302477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0302477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0302477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0302477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:cond-mat/0302477","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0302477","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0302477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168596402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168596402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515365795","https://openalex.org/W1629080377","https://openalex.org/W1640888000","https://openalex.org/W1978856335","https://openalex.org/W1980245824","https://openalex.org/W1988811645","https://openalex.org/W2006774232","https://openalex.org/W2023212843","https://openalex.org/W2031088416","https://openalex.org/W2040692490","https://openalex.org/W2054849515","https://openalex.org/W2060133815","https://openalex.org/W2074430099","https://openalex.org/W2084838123","https://openalex.org/W2138150364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029161287","https://openalex.org/W2062255649","https://openalex.org/W1612082324","https://openalex.org/W1993015513","https://openalex.org/W2009182531","https://openalex.org/W1544869456","https://openalex.org/W2022506718","https://openalex.org/W2127994898","https://openalex.org/W2124062378","https://openalex.org/W1987233870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"of":[1,4,7,10,27,31,41,74,77,85],"the":[2,8,24,28,32,38,63,72,78],"degree":[3,73],"circular":[5,75],"polarization":[6,30,76],"electroluminescence":[9],"a":[11,17,46],"light-emitting":[12],"diode":[13],"(LED)":[14],"fitted":[15,44],"with":[16,45,95],"spin":[18,29,48,65],"injecting":[19],"contact":[20],"(a":[21],"spin-LED)":[22],"allows":[23],"direct":[25],"determination":[26],"injected":[33],"carriers.":[34],"Here,":[35],"we":[36,60,91],"compare":[37],"detection":[39],"efficiency":[40],"(Al,Ga)As":[42],"spin-LEDs":[43],"(Zn,Be,Mn)Se":[47],"injector":[49],"in":[50,67,88],"top-":[51],"and":[52],"side-emission":[53],"configurations.":[54],"In":[55],"contrast":[56],"to":[57],"top":[58],"emission,":[59,90],"cannot":[61],"detect":[62],"electrical":[64],"injection":[66],"side":[68,89],"emission":[69],"by":[70],"analyzing":[71],"electroluminescence.":[79],"To":[80],"reduce":[81],"resonant":[82],"optical":[83],"pumping":[84],"quantum-well":[86],"excitons":[87],"have":[92],"analyzed":[93],"structures":[94],"mesa":[96],"sizes":[97],"as":[98,100],"small":[99],"1":[101],"\u03bcm.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}