{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168513828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110024","title":"Secondary Mediation and Regression Analyses of the PTClinResNet Database: Determining Causal Relationships Among the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Levels for Four Physical Therapy Intervention Trials","display_name":"Secondary Mediation and Regression Analyses of the PTClinResNet Database: Determining Causal Relationships Among the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Levels for Four Physical Therapy Intervention Trials","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168513828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110024","mag":"2168513828","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22003170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2522/ptj.20110024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185354","display_name":"Physical Therapy","issn_l":"0031-9023","issn":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038203223","display_name":"Sara J. Mulroy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802549562","display_name":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03t3q6164","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara J. Mulroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["S.J. Mulroy, PT, PhD, Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Rancho Los Amigos National Research Center, Downey, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S.J. Mulroy, PT, PhD, Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Rancho Los Amigos National Research Center, Downey, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031159209","display_name":"Carolee Joyce Winstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-4626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-4626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carolee J. Winstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["C.J. Winstein, PhD, PT, FAPTA, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 E Alcazar St, CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90089 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C.J. Winstein, PhD, PT, FAPTA, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 E Alcazar St, CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90089 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076236491","display_name":"Kornelia Kulig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-0882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-0882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kornelia Kulig","raw_affiliation_strings":["K. Kulig, PT, PhD, FAPTA, Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. Kulig, PT, PhD, FAPTA, Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001379285","display_name":"George J. Beneck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George J. Beneck","raw_affiliation_strings":["G.J. Beneck, PT, PhD, OCS, Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"G.J. Beneck, PT, PhD, OCS, Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024767587","display_name":"Eileen Fowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3806-4064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3806-4064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116300","display_name":"Orthopaedic Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01m2js356","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116300"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eileen G. Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["E.G. Fowler, PT, PhD, UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Center for Cerebral Palsy, Tarjan Center at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E.G. Fowler, PT, PhD, UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Center for Cerebral Palsy, Tarjan Center at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I4210116300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063690923","display_name":"Sharon K. DeMuth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon K. DeMuth","raw_affiliation_strings":["S.K. DeMuth, PT, DPT, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S.K. DeMuth, PT, DPT, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074153573","display_name":"Katherine J. Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-0107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-0107"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine J. Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["K.J. Sullivan, PT, PhD, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K.J. Sullivan, PT, PhD, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030925718","display_name":"David A. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-1121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-1121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["D.A. Brown, PT, PhD, Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, The Fineberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D.A. Brown, PT, PhD, Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, The Fineberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067163579","display_name":"Christianne Joy Lane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-3574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-3574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christianne J. Lane","raw_affiliation_strings":["C.J. Lane, PhD, ICARE Data Management and Analysis Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C.J. Lane, PhD, ICARE Data Management and Analysis Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031159209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":{"value":4035,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4035},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79860813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"12","first_page":"1766","last_page":"1779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13986","display_name":"Medical Practices and Rehabilitation","score":0.04500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health","display_name":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-analysis","display_name":"mediation analysis","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy-intervention","display_name":"physical therapy intervention","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"chronic spinal cord injury","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-rehabilitation","display_name":"stroke rehabilitation","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic-diplegia","display_name":"spastic diplegia","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-back-pain","display_name":"low back pain","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain","display_name":"pain","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locomotor-function","display_name":"locomotor function","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walking-speed","display_name":"walking speed","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-and-participation","display_name":"activities and participation","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.6821150779724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115219716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917426","display_name":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","level":3,"score":0.5984874963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5914554595947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5742196440696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.56779944896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5538232326507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.526810884475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.49927687644958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.46599236130714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.44001123309135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.4198530614376068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.41521143913269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07337495684623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.07335737347602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071939","descriptor_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004185","descriptor_name":"Disability Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017079","descriptor_name":"Exercise Tolerance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017116","descriptor_name":"Low Back Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017116","descriptor_name":"Low Back Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017116","descriptor_name":"Low Back Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020069","descriptor_name":"Shoulder Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020069","descriptor_name":"Shoulder Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020069","descriptor_name":"Shoulder Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020069","descriptor_name":"Shoulder Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026241","descriptor_name":"Exercise Movement Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055070","descriptor_name":"Resistance Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2522/ptj.20110024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185354","display_name":"Physical Therapy","issn_l":"0031-9023","issn":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22003170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22003170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12351568","https://openalex.org/W658520664","https://openalex.org/W1501921902","https://openalex.org/W1550948407","https://openalex.org/W1554760813","https://openalex.org/W1944785430","https://openalex.org/W1969983667","https://openalex.org/W1971096808","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1980054149","https://openalex.org/W1984095688","https://openalex.org/W1991907359","https://openalex.org/W1995889701","https://openalex.org/W2030248581","https://openalex.org/W2037377025","https://openalex.org/W2037559753","https://openalex.org/W2041773769","https://openalex.org/W2044977860","https://openalex.org/W2056644886","https://openalex.org/W2056795330","https://openalex.org/W2064144275","https://openalex.org/W2070516439","https://openalex.org/W2098948709","https://openalex.org/W2110496076","https://openalex.org/W2111041759","https://openalex.org/W2131646499","https://openalex.org/W2132059144","https://openalex.org/W2133293443","https://openalex.org/W2135671453","https://openalex.org/W2141164113","https://openalex.org/W2142893554","https://openalex.org/W2146050077","https://openalex.org/W2146283503","https://openalex.org/W2147355200","https://openalex.org/W2148085666","https://openalex.org/W2153831070","https://openalex.org/W2155314781","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2169472765","https://openalex.org/W2259280953","https://openalex.org/W2297917821","https://openalex.org/W2307938957","https://openalex.org/W2323149989","https://openalex.org/W3130550362","https://openalex.org/W4212838134","https://openalex.org/W4241071433","https://openalex.org/W4292806894","https://openalex.org/W4312881528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2530325851","https://openalex.org/W3038029264","https://openalex.org/W4365135114","https://openalex.org/W2507601040","https://openalex.org/W2030248581","https://openalex.org/W7161791768","https://openalex.org/W7213966797","https://openalex.org/W2132013738","https://openalex.org/W4394721493","https://openalex.org/W4411280292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Each":[1],"of":[2,91,114,127,131,192,265,325],"the":[3,11,27,42,60,72,89,128,139,146,159,168,200,218,230,268,278,287,300,310,321,344],"4":[4,140,250,288,348],"randomized":[5],"clinical":[6],"trials":[7,163,222,270],"(RCTs)":[8],"hosted":[9],"by":[10],"Physical":[12],"Therapy":[13],"Clinical":[14],"Research":[15],"Network":[16],"(PTClinResNet)":[17],"targeted":[18],"a":[19,92],"different":[20,335],"disability":[21,350],"group":[22],"(low":[23],"back":[24],"disorder":[25],"in":[26,41,50,59,71,208,215,234,243,253,262,277,286,302,309],"Muscle-Specific":[28],"Strength":[29,61],"Training":[30,62],"Effectiveness":[31,63],"After":[32],"Lumbar":[33],"Microdiskectomy":[34],"[MUSSEL]":[35],"trial,":[36,56,66],"chronic":[37],"spinal":[38],"cord":[39],"injury":[40],"Strengthening":[43,77],"and":[44,67,75,87,134,161,164,170,182,186,189,220,245,255,331],"Optimal":[45],"Movements":[46],"for":[47,80,138,158,167,199,217,229,248,267,316,332],"Painful":[48],"Shoulders":[49],"Chronic":[51],"Spinal":[52],"Cord":[53],"Injury":[54],"[STOMPS]":[55],"adult":[57,272],"stroke":[58],"Post-Stroke":[64],"[STEPS]":[65],"pediatric":[68],"cerebral":[69,85],"palsy":[70],"Pediatric":[73],"Endurance":[74],"Limb":[76],"[PEDALS]":[78],"trial":[79,312],"children":[81],"with":[82,203,271],"spastic":[83],"diplegic":[84],"palsy)":[86],"tested":[88],"effectiveness":[90],"muscle-specific":[93],"or":[94,106,212,259,298,323],"functional":[95],"activity-based":[96],"intervention":[97],"on":[98],"primary":[99,178,205,235],"outcomes":[100,124,179,257],"that":[101,293],"captured":[102],"pain":[103,216],"(STOMPS,":[104],"MUSSEL)":[105],"locomotor":[107,183],"function":[108],"(STEPS,":[109],"PEDALS).":[110],"OBJECTIVE:":[111],"The":[112,304],"focus":[113],"these":[115],"secondary":[116,154],"analyses":[117],"was":[118],"to":[119,224,241,283],"determine":[120],"causal":[121],"relationships":[122,174],"among":[123,175],"across":[125,347],"levels":[126],"International":[129],"Classification":[130],"Functioning,":[132],"Disability":[133],"Health":[135],"(ICF)":[136],"framework":[137],"RCTs.":[141,289],"METHOD":[142],"AND":[143],"DESIGN:":[144],"With":[145],"database":[147],"from":[148],"PTClinResNet,":[149],"we":[150],"used":[151],"2":[152,201,333],"separate":[153],"statistical":[155,279,314],"approaches-mediation":[156],"analysis":[157,166],"MUSSEL":[160,219],"STOMPS":[162,221],"regression":[165],"STEPS":[169,231],"PEDALS":[171,311],"trials-to":[172],"test":[173],"muscle":[176,209],"performance,":[177],"(pain":[180,338],"related":[181,240],"related),":[184],"activity":[185,244,254],"participation":[187,246,256],"measures,":[188],"overall":[190,263],"quality":[191,264],"life.":[193],"RESULTS:":[194],"Predictive":[195],"models":[196,280],"were":[197,238,281],"stronger":[198],"studies":[202],"pain-related":[204],"outcomes.":[206,303],"Change":[207],"performance":[210],"mediated":[211,258,297],"predicted":[213,260,299],"reductions":[214],"and,":[223],"some":[225],"extent,":[226],"walking":[227],"speed":[228],"trial.":[232],"Changes":[233],"outcome":[236,336],"variables":[237,247,295,337],"significantly":[239],"changes":[242,301],"all":[249],"trials.":[251],"Improvement":[252],"increases":[261],"life":[266],"3":[269],"populations.":[273],"LIMITATIONS:":[274],"Variables":[275],"included":[276],"limited":[282,313],"those":[284,317],"measured":[285],"It":[290],"is":[291],"possible":[292],"other":[294],"also":[296],"relatively":[305],"small":[306],"sample":[307],"size":[308],"power":[315],"analyses.":[318],"CONCLUSIONS:":[319],"Evaluating":[320],"mediators":[322],"predictors":[324],"change":[326],"between":[327],"each":[328],"ICF":[329],"level":[330],"fundamentally":[334],"versus":[339],"walking)":[340],"provided":[341],"insights":[342],"into":[343],"complexities":[345],"inherent":[346],"prevalent":[349],"groups.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}