{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168484264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","title":"Effects of Learning Modalities on Melodic and Rhythmic Retention and on Vocal Pitch-Matching by Preschool Children","display_name":"Effects of Learning Modalities on Melodic and Rhythmic Retention and on Vocal Pitch-Matching by Preschool Children","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168484264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","mag":"2168484264","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110965136","display_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","issn_l":"0031-5125","issn":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080400647","display_name":"Diane Cummings Persellin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60060512","display_name":"Trinity University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t8gz605","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diane Cummings Persellin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity University San Antonio, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity University San Antonio, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080400647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60060512"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31269383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"3_suppl","first_page":"1231","last_page":"1234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11425","display_name":"Diverse Music Education Insights","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11425","display_name":"Diverse Music Education Insights","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14287","display_name":"Music Education and Analysis","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-modalities","display_name":"learning modalities","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-matching","display_name":"pitch matching","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-instruction","display_name":"music instruction","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-learning","display_name":"auditory learning","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-learning","display_name":"visual learning","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinesthetic-learning","display_name":"kinesthetic learning","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-learning","display_name":"multimodal learning","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-memory","display_name":"music memory","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43803900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170412","display_name":"Melody","level":3,"score":0.9321334362030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.7732292413711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55457006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3647098","display_name":"Kinesthetic learning","level":2,"score":0.7685678005218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44819458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27939","display_name":"Singing","level":2,"score":0.6893760561943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6352078318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5698661804199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5173384547233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.4969976246356964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4215332269668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.30901822447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.29975539445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1539687216281891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09272423386573792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.07322773337364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.07250609993934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.05528151988983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001307","descriptor_name":"Auditory Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007699","descriptor_name":"Kinesthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009146","descriptor_name":"Music","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010897","descriptor_name":"Pitch Discrimination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011571","descriptor_name":"Psychoacoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012153","descriptor_name":"Retention, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013998","descriptor_name":"Time Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014833","descriptor_name":"Voice Quality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110965136","display_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","issn_l":"0031-5125","issn":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7524016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and motor skills","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525490064","https://openalex.org/W1976817611","https://openalex.org/W2155928763","https://openalex.org/W2328993378","https://openalex.org/W2471254293","https://openalex.org/W4231953270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2471254293","https://openalex.org/W2143142988","https://openalex.org/W603991911","https://openalex.org/W7096295406","https://openalex.org/W3046796746","https://openalex.org/W2155928763","https://openalex.org/W654254157","https://openalex.org/W2951776052","https://openalex.org/W2113938405","https://openalex.org/W2107815964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"assess":[1],"whether":[2],"melodic":[3,72,89],"and":[4,24,45,63,73,90,103],"rhythmic":[5,74,91],"retention":[6],"as":[7,9],"well":[8],"pitch-matching":[10],"ability":[11],"could":[12],"be":[13],"improved":[14],"through":[15,52],"use":[16],"of":[17,33],"learning":[18],"modalities,":[19],"61":[20],"children":[21,59,99,113],"ages":[22],"4":[23],"5":[25],"years":[26],"were":[27],"presented":[28],"music":[29],"instruction":[30],"in":[31,100,114],"one":[32],"four":[34],"ways,":[35],"visually":[36],"(seeing":[37],"visual":[38,117],"aids":[39],"with":[40],"the":[41,61,71,88,94,101,116],"music),":[42,50],"auditorily":[43],"(singing":[44],"listening),":[46],"kinesthetically":[47],"(moving":[48],"to":[49],"or":[51,118],"multimodal":[53,64,104],"presentations.":[54],"Analysis":[55],"indicated":[56],"that":[57],"preschool":[58],"receiving":[60,80],"auditory":[62,102],"treatments":[65],"scored":[66,83],"significantly":[67,84,108],"higher":[68],"on":[69,77,86],"both":[70,87],"posttests":[75,92],"than":[76,93,112],"pretests.":[78],"Children":[79],"kinesthetic":[81,119],"treatment":[82],"lower":[85],"other":[95],"three":[96],"classes.":[97,120],"Further,":[98],"classes":[105],"matched":[106],"pitch":[107],"better":[109],"at":[110],"posttest":[111],"either":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}