{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168307682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","title":"Cuticle thickening associated with pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus","display_name":"Cuticle thickening associated with pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168307682","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","mag":"2168307682","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20684757","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2924294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80413395","display_name":"Parasites & Vectors","issn_l":"1756-3305","issn":["1756-3305"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites &amp; Vectors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036565781","display_name":"Oliver R. Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O R Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. basilb@nicd.ac.za","Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. basilb@nicd.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109605149","display_name":"S. A. Hanrahan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Hanrahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007734070","display_name":"Maureen Coetzee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-866X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-866X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155312","display_name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/007wwmx82","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Coetzee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010934831","display_name":"Lizette L. Koekemoer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-6345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-6345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155312","display_name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/007wwmx82","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L L Koekemoer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005581878","display_name":"Basil D. Brooke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-1304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-1304"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155312","display_name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/007wwmx82","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B D Brooke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology of the University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005581878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4387155312"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":6.898,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":266,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97159091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11075","display_name":"Insect Resistance and Genetics","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11065","display_name":"Insect Pest Control Strategies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-funestus","display_name":"Anopheles funestus","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrethroid-resistance","display_name":"pyrethroid resistance","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuticle-thickening","display_name":"cuticle thickening","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permethrin","display_name":"permethrin","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticide-resistance","display_name":"insecticide resistance","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-vectors","display_name":"malaria vectors","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insecticide-absorption","display_name":"insecticide absorption","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-detoxification","display_name":"metabolic detoxification","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779752676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411635","display_name":"Permethrin","level":3,"score":0.9557687640190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745766","display_name":"Pyrethroid","level":3,"score":0.8947982788085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30055919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1566548","display_name":"Cuticle (hair)","level":2,"score":0.8777005672454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8261882066726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.5237322449684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.46962928771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.46345609426498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158597","display_name":"Anopheles","level":3,"score":0.4612312316894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3912903070449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.32708704471588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.28112471103668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.13381364941596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.1334618628025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80413395","display_name":"Parasites & Vectors","issn_l":"1756-3305","issn":["1756-3305"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites &amp; Vectors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2924294","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2924294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasit Vectors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20684757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20684757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites & vectors","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06e18d93d64c412fa32d03f04573ef89","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06e18d93d64c412fa32d03f04573ef89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Parasites & Vectors, Vol 3, Iss 1, p 67 (2010)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1756-3305-3-67.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80413395","display_name":"Parasites & Vectors","issn_l":"1756-3305","issn":["1756-3305"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parasites &amp; Vectors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168307682.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2168307682.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W622707854","https://openalex.org/W1490711099","https://openalex.org/W1521688557","https://openalex.org/W1948815118","https://openalex.org/W1987071317","https://openalex.org/W1988358203","https://openalex.org/W1990387792","https://openalex.org/W1990812623","https://openalex.org/W2008824015","https://openalex.org/W2013257329","https://openalex.org/W2036898301","https://openalex.org/W2057400761","https://openalex.org/W2067116859","https://openalex.org/W2084297869","https://openalex.org/W2095277223","https://openalex.org/W2097730132","https://openalex.org/W2107505956","https://openalex.org/W2112212392","https://openalex.org/W2115077961","https://openalex.org/W2127857051","https://openalex.org/W2154043176","https://openalex.org/W2158140165","https://openalex.org/W2159147345","https://openalex.org/W2171684137","https://openalex.org/W2517909344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2750879071","https://openalex.org/W2123414947","https://openalex.org/W2112212392","https://openalex.org/W2067116859","https://openalex.org/W7208808356","https://openalex.org/W2962616483","https://openalex.org/W2340192496","https://openalex.org/W2274880789","https://openalex.org/W995011236","https://openalex.org/W2126266406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Malaria":[1],"in":[2,16,19,25,53,76,122,174,183,212,284],"South":[3,22],"Africa":[4],"is":[5,58,71,91,95,107,287,303],"primarily":[6,59],"transmitted":[7],"by":[8,61],"Anopheles":[9],"funestus":[10,18,57,128,241,255],"Giles.":[11],"Resistance":[12],"to":[13,36,73,100,109,157,171,199,204,222,226,259,289,295],"pyrethroid":[14,146,278,300],"insecticides":[15],"An.":[17,56,127,240,254,280],"northern":[20],"Kwazulu/Natal,":[21],"Africa,":[23],"and":[24,177,190,197,269],"neighbouring":[26],"areas":[27,41],"of":[28,33,84,103,113,118,125,299],"southern":[29,54],"Mozambique":[30],"enabled":[31],"populations":[32],"this":[34,68,282],"species":[35],"increase":[37,110,283],"their":[38,246],"ranges":[39],"into":[40],"where":[42],"pyrethroids":[43],"were":[44,129,138,163],"being":[45],"exclusively":[46],"used":[47],"for":[48,67],"malaria":[49],"control.":[50],"Pyrethroid":[51,250],"resistance":[52,69,86,147,301],"African":[55],"conferred":[60],"monooxygenase":[62],"enzyme":[63],"metabolism.":[64],"However,":[65],"selection":[66],"mechanism":[70],"likely":[72,108,258,288],"have":[74,242,260,272,290],"occurred":[75],"conjunction":[77],"with":[78],"other":[79],"factors":[80],"that":[81],"improve":[82],"production":[83],"the":[85,111,145,296],"phenotype.":[87],"A":[88],"strong":[89],"candidate":[90],"cuticle":[92,120,158,195,207,285],"thickening.":[93],"This":[94],"because":[96],"thicker":[97,243,261,273],"cuticles":[98,244,262,274],"lead":[99],"slower":[101],"rates":[102],"insecticide":[104,237],"absorption,":[105],"which":[106,302],"efficiency":[112],"metabolic":[114],"detoxification.":[115,307],"RESULTS:":[116],"Measures":[117],"mean":[119,194],"thickness":[121,159,196,208,286],"laboratory":[123,142],"samples":[124,162,214],"female":[126,239],"obtained":[130],"using":[131],"scanning":[132],"electron":[133],"microscopy":[134],"(SEM).":[135],"These":[136],"females":[137,256,270],"drawn":[139],"from":[140],"a":[141,150,188],"colony":[143],"carrying":[144],"phenotype":[148],"at":[149],"stable":[151],"rate,":[152],"but":[153],"not":[154],"fixed.":[155],"Prior":[156],"measurements,":[160],"these":[161],"characterised":[164,215,228],"as":[165,217,229,292],"either":[166,178,216,230],"more":[167,218],"or":[168,181,220,233,252,266],"less":[169,231,264],"tolerant":[170,219,232,251,265],"permethrin":[172,179,223,234],"exposure":[173,203,224],"one":[175],"experiment,":[176],"resistant":[180,221,253,279],"susceptible":[182,238,267],"another":[184],"experiment.":[185],"There":[186],"was":[187,209],"significant":[189],"positive":[191],"correlation":[192],"between":[193],"time":[198],"knock":[200],"down":[201],"during":[202],"permethrin.":[205],"Mean":[206],"significantly":[210],"greater":[211],"those":[213,227],"compared":[225],"susceptible.":[235],"Further,":[236],"than":[245,263,275],"male":[247],"counterparts.":[248],"CONCLUSION:":[249],"are":[257],"females,":[268],"generally":[271],"males.":[276],"In":[277],"funestus,":[281],"developed":[291],"an":[293],"auxiliary":[294],"primary":[297],"mode":[298],"based":[304],"on":[305],"enzyme-mediated":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
