{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168234256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","title":"Cramer\u2013Rao Lower Bound for Estimating Quadrupole Resonance Signals in Non-Gaussian Noise","display_name":"Cramer\u2013Rao Lower Bound for Estimating Quadrupole Resonance Signals in Non-Gaussian Noise","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168234256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","mag":"2168234256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Y. Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050921303","display_name":"Stacy L. Tantum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0187-4038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0187-4038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.L. Tantum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004578492","display_name":"Leslie M. Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-6531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-6531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.M. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9132,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91132996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"490","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11878","display_name":"Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography","score":0.2849000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11878","display_name":"Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography","score":0.2849000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.23360000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-quadrupole-resonance","display_name":"nuclear quadrupole resonance","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cramer-rao-lower-bound","display_name":"Cramer-Rao lower bound","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-gaussian-noise","display_name":"non-Gaussian noise","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-interference","display_name":"radio frequency interference","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explosives-detection","display_name":"explosives detection","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmine-detection","display_name":"landmine detection","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-estimation","display_name":"signal estimation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-noise-model","display_name":"statistical noise model","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-of-estimators","display_name":"estimator comparison","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.6988073587417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.6790949106216431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6195939779281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5942185521125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5521888136863708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207658827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999781","display_name":"Stochastic resonance","level":4,"score":0.5473688244819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5446793437004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5280783176422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5171858072280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.513361394405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.43485382199287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.41199567914009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3847024142742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3799954056739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3393179774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3377097249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2934928834438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2774783670902252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.277238667011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2358609139919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1659059226512909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11574628949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2004.826657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1479979375","https://openalex.org/W1597732836","https://openalex.org/W1667165204","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1968014097","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2083317892","https://openalex.org/W2090705694","https://openalex.org/W2122759946","https://openalex.org/W2129157567","https://openalex.org/W2147987992","https://openalex.org/W2162406143","https://openalex.org/W4213201159","https://openalex.org/W4255783720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972874226","https://openalex.org/W2069252839","https://openalex.org/W2147987992","https://openalex.org/W126002204","https://openalex.org/W2082155407","https://openalex.org/W2394243805","https://openalex.org/W1996122234","https://openalex.org/W1999340961","https://openalex.org/W2008643633","https://openalex.org/W2205385741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quadrupole":[0],"resonance":[1],"(QR)":[2],"technology":[3],"for":[4,76],"the":[5,23,37,52,71],"detection":[6,24],"of":[7,10,17,59,90],"explosives":[8],"is":[9,40,54,64,86,94],"crucial":[11],"importance":[12],"in":[13,51,66,82],"an":[14],"increasing":[15],"number":[16],"applications.":[18],"For":[19],"landmine":[20],"detection,":[21],"where":[22],"system":[25],"cannot":[26],"be":[27,33],"shielded,":[28],"QR":[29,38,80],"has":[30],"proven":[31],"to":[32,43,96],"highly":[34],"effective":[35],"if":[36],"sensor":[39],"not":[41],"exposed":[42],"radio-frequency":[44],"interference":[45],"(RFI).":[46],"However,":[47],"strong":[48],"non-Gaussian":[49,61,84],"RFI":[50,62],"field":[53],"unavoidable.":[55],"A":[56],"statistical":[57],"model":[58],"such":[60],"noise":[63,85],"given":[65],"this":[67,83,97],"letter.":[68],"In":[69],"addition,":[70],"asymptotic":[72],"Cramer-Rao":[73],"lower":[74],"bound":[75],"estimating":[77],"a":[78],"deterministic":[79],"signal":[81],"presented.":[87],"The":[88],"performance":[89],"several":[91],"convenient":[92],"estimators":[93],"compared":[95],"bound.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}