{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168022840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","title":"Expanding the Space of Plausible Solutions in a Medical Tutoring System for Problem-Based Learning","display_name":"Expanding the Space of Plausible Solutions in a Medical Tutoring System for Problem-Based Learning","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168022840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","mag":"2168022840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075198076","display_name":"Hameedullah Kazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-058X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-058X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196431481","display_name":"Isra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rmz8121","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196431481"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38538140","display_name":"Asian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403qcr87","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}],"countries":["PK","TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hameedullah Kazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th","Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand and Department of Computer Science, Isra University, Hala Road, Hyderabad, Pakistan. E ...#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand and Department of Computer Science, Isra University, Hala Road, Hyderabad, Pakistan. E ...#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196431481","https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023456047","display_name":"Peter Haddawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2203-006X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2203-006X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38538140","display_name":"Asian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403qcr87","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Haddawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th","Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043311612","display_name":"Siriwan Suebnukarn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-1274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-1274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108108428","display_name":"Thammasat University","ror":"https://ror.org/002yp7f20","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38538140","display_name":"Asian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0403qcr87","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siriwan Suebnukarn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th","School of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand. E-mail: ssiriwan@tu.ac.th"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. E-mail: hameedullah.kazi@ait.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38538140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand. E-mail: ssiriwan@tu.ac.th","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108108428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4277,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82295269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"309","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"problem-based learning","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ill-defined-domains","display_name":"ill-defined domains","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-ontology","display_name":"domain ontology","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-based-inference","display_name":"knowledge-based inference","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parent-child-relationship","display_name":"parent-child relationship","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6559545993804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.627811074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5905500054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4961327016353607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.4854317307472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47134846448898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.43565672636032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.354340136051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34750446677207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3243628740310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31352466344833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08440864086151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/irg-2009-19(3)04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171267539","display_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","issn_l":"1560-4292","issn":["1560-4292","1560-4306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.921.7342","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.921.7342","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ict.mahidol.ac.th/faculty_staff/personal/%7Ehaddawy/YearPapers/P-2009-5.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.928.9759","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.928.9759","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hameedullah_Kazi/publication/220049861_Expanding_the_Space_of_Plausible_Solutions_in_a_Medical_Tutoring_System_for_Problem-Based_Learning/links/00b49519c50376df67000000.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2168022840","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://iaied.org/pub/1297/file/19_3_04_Kazi_.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7429716","https://openalex.org/W27879185","https://openalex.org/W1488793835","https://openalex.org/W1507826778","https://openalex.org/W1531272147","https://openalex.org/W1544827161","https://openalex.org/W1588827462","https://openalex.org/W1622121661","https://openalex.org/W1826188540","https://openalex.org/W1966753922","https://openalex.org/W1971492392","https://openalex.org/W1978689389","https://openalex.org/W1995887559","https://openalex.org/W2039472977","https://openalex.org/W2084946528","https://openalex.org/W2096985133","https://openalex.org/W2097679245","https://openalex.org/W2100845478","https://openalex.org/W2101030691","https://openalex.org/W2105769174","https://openalex.org/W2114436459","https://openalex.org/W2127984016","https://openalex.org/W2128831493","https://openalex.org/W2131342345","https://openalex.org/W2142475479","https://openalex.org/W2152863348","https://openalex.org/W2154093141","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2163640453","https://openalex.org/W2247298170","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100747084","https://openalex.org/W2144017306","https://openalex.org/W2082868838","https://openalex.org/W2065080075","https://openalex.org/W56969581","https://openalex.org/W7429716","https://openalex.org/W2160308286","https://openalex.org/W2139334979","https://openalex.org/W2732095726","https://openalex.org/W1557736875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22],"well-defined":[1],"domains":[2,24],"such":[3,25],"as":[4,18,26,36,80,139],"Physics,":[5],"Mathematics,":[6],"and":[7,143,154,216,238],"Chemistry,":[8],"solutions":[9,31,54,65,77,86,122,160,165],"to":[10,32,60,92,96,151,168,175,185,201],"a":[11,33,49,107,117,140],"posed":[12],"problem":[13,35,57],"can":[14,115],"objectively":[15],"be":[16,88],"classified":[17],"correct":[19,37],"or":[20,38,90],"incorrect.":[21],"ill-defined":[23],"medicine,":[27],"the":[28,61,69,99,147,156,162,169,191,195,227],"classification":[29],"of":[30,52,71,75,101,120,158,164,181,190,203,214,236],"patient":[34],"incorrect":[39],"is":[40,137],"much":[41],"more":[42],"complex.":[43],"Typical":[44],"tutoring":[45,108],"systems":[46],"accept":[47,116],"only":[48],"small":[50,73],"set":[51,74],"approved":[53,76],"for":[55,110],"each":[56],"scenario":[58],"fed":[59],"system.":[62,170],"Plausible":[63],"student":[64,102],"that":[66,202],"fall":[67],"outside":[68],"scope":[70,163],"this":[72],"are":[78,149,173,183],"rejected":[79],"being":[81],"incorrect,":[82],"even":[83],"though":[84],"these":[85],"may":[87],"acceptable":[89],"close":[91,200],"acceptable.":[93],"This":[94,104],"leads":[95],"brittleness":[97],"in":[98,146],"evaluation":[100],"solutions.":[103,188],"paper":[105],"describes":[106],"system":[109,192,221],"medical":[111,134],"problem-based":[112],"learning(PBL),":[113],"which":[114],"wide":[118],"variety":[119],"plausible":[121,159],"without":[123],"placing":[124],"an":[125],"extensive":[126],"burden":[127],"on":[128],"knowledge":[129,135],"acquisition.":[130],"A":[131],"widely":[132],"available":[133],"source":[136],"deployed":[138],"domain":[141],"ontology,":[142],"concept":[144],"relationships":[145,172,180],"ontology":[148],"used":[150,174,184],"make":[152],"inferences":[153],"expand":[155],"space":[157,197],"beyond":[161],"explicitly":[166],"provided":[167],"Parent-child":[171],"infer":[176,186],"generalized":[177],"solutions,":[178],"whereas":[179],"synonymy":[182],"alternate":[187],"Evaluations":[189],"after":[193],"expanding":[194],"solution":[196],"indicate":[198],"accuracy":[199],"human":[204],"experts,":[205],"who":[206],"agreed":[207],"among":[208],"themselves":[209],"with":[210],"Pearson":[211],"Correlation":[212],"Coefficient":[213],"0.48":[215],"p":[217],"<":[218],"0.05.":[219],"The":[220,233],"precision":[222],"dropped":[223],"by":[224,230,242],"32%,":[225],"while":[226],"recall":[228],"increased":[229,241],"five":[231],"times.":[232],"geometric":[234],"mean":[235],"sensitivity":[237],"specificity":[239],"was":[240],"0.33.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
