{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168022650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","title":"A Study of Gases in Porcelain Enameling","display_name":"A Study of Gases in Porcelain Enameling","publication_year":1953,"publication_date":"1953-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168022650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","mag":"2168022650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53162366","display_name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","issn_l":"0002-7820","issn":["0002-7820","1551-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. K. CHU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. K. CHU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Metallurgy, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Metallurgy, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. H. KEELER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. H. KEELER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Metallurgy, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Metallurgy, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055166170","display_name":"H. M. Davis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. M. DAVIS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Metallurgy, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Metallurgy, The Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.882494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"48","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10132","display_name":"Advanced ceramic materials synthesis","score":0.38280001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2503","display_name":"Ceramics and Composites"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10132","display_name":"Advanced ceramic materials synthesis","score":0.38280001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2503","display_name":"Ceramics and Composites"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10544","display_name":"Glass properties and applications","score":0.29589998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2503","display_name":"Ceramics and Composites"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.12039999663829803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porcelain-enamel","display_name":"porcelain enamel","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-evolution-reaction","display_name":"hydrogen evolution reaction","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-bubbles","display_name":"gas bubbles","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frit","display_name":"frit","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimony-oxide","display_name":"antimony oxide","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-absorption","display_name":"hydrogen absorption","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defect-formation-mechanism","display_name":"defect formation mechanism","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68930688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383361","display_name":"Frit","level":2,"score":0.9107306599617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780949179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q276469","display_name":"Blisters","level":2,"score":0.8155796527862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156887251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424","display_name":"Enamel paint","level":2,"score":0.7960391044616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.734572172164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6215969920158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4865092635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.44283178448677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4288826882839203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23237749934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1953.tb12835.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53162366","display_name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","issn_l":"0002-7820","issn":["0002-7820","1551-2916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601111901","https://openalex.org/W1904436092","https://openalex.org/W1969205307","https://openalex.org/W1971217520","https://openalex.org/W1975627896","https://openalex.org/W1982041508","https://openalex.org/W1990647870","https://openalex.org/W1998010253","https://openalex.org/W2011433801","https://openalex.org/W2028171571","https://openalex.org/W2038841996","https://openalex.org/W2055122147","https://openalex.org/W2057134320","https://openalex.org/W2069636502","https://openalex.org/W2075065001","https://openalex.org/W2087294794","https://openalex.org/W2105887038","https://openalex.org/W2120877942","https://openalex.org/W2133802509","https://openalex.org/W2152148624","https://openalex.org/W2153549011","https://openalex.org/W2165341837","https://openalex.org/W2167202179","https://openalex.org/W2168635604","https://openalex.org/W2314471805","https://openalex.org/W4210591520","https://openalex.org/W4238886622","https://openalex.org/W4239942747","https://openalex.org/W4289255946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152148624","https://openalex.org/W2154245312","https://openalex.org/W2510320134","https://openalex.org/W7042819385","https://openalex.org/W1985946598","https://openalex.org/W2142145632","https://openalex.org/W2167202179","https://openalex.org/W1522368988","https://openalex.org/W7139638091","https://openalex.org/W2123092298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gas":[0],"evolved":[1],"from":[2,21],"all":[3],"delayed":[4,175],"enamel":[5,27,56,111,139],"defects":[6,176],"was":[7,28,130],"found":[8],"to":[9,30,89,126],"be":[10],"substantially":[11],"pure":[12],"hydrogen.":[13,36,154],"By":[14],"the":[15,54,70,74,91,136,148,162,166,169],"method":[16],"of":[17,35,45,69,73,80,93,114,132,138,157,168,171],"microscopic\u2010gas\u2010bubble":[18],"analysis,":[19],"gas":[20,133],"individual":[22],"reboiling":[23,172],"blisters":[24,173],"in":[25,47,63,135,161],"ground\u2010coat":[26],"shown":[29],"contain":[31],"more":[32],"than":[33],"84%":[34],"The":[37,49,155],"water\u2010iron":[38],"reaction":[39],"is":[40,51,101],"an":[41,110],"ever":[42],"present":[43],"source":[44],"hydrogen":[46,100,121,160],"enameling.":[48],"water":[50,62,82,158],"supplied":[52],"by":[53,103],"dried":[55,149],"slip,":[57],"not":[58],"only":[59],"as":[60,67],"structural":[61,81],"clay,":[64],"but":[65],"also":[66],"part":[68],"glass":[71],"structure":[72],"frit.":[75],"Clays":[76],"containing":[77,112],"high":[78,85],"percentages":[79],"and":[83,159,165,174],"having":[84],"decomposition":[86],"temperatures":[87],"tend":[88],"increase":[90],"production":[92],"gas\u2010formed":[94],"defects.":[95],"Enclosed\u2010system":[96],"experiments":[97],"revealed":[98],"that":[99],"absorbed":[102],"steel\u2010enamel":[104],"interfacial":[105],"material":[106],"at":[107,124],"500\u00b0C.":[108],"Similarly":[109],"3.0%":[113],"Sb":[115],"2":[116],"O":[117],"3":[118],"will":[119],"absorb":[120],"very":[122],"readily":[123],"500\u00b0":[125],"700\u00b0C.":[127],"A":[128],"study":[129],"made":[131],"evolution":[134],"heating":[137],"slip":[140],"or":[141,144],"frit":[142,150],"separately":[143],"with":[145,151],"steel.":[146],"Heating":[147],"steel":[152],"produced":[153],"roles":[156],"enameling":[163],"process":[164],"mechanism":[167],"formation":[170],"are":[177],"discussed.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}