{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168002109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550512458473","title":"Is payment by results the most efficient way to address the challenges faced by the criminal justice sector?","display_name":"Is payment by results the most efficient way to address the challenges faced by the criminal justice sector?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168002109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550512458473","mag":"2168002109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0264550512458473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550512458473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550512458473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98320179","display_name":"Probation Journal","issn_l":"0264-5505","issn":["0264-5505","1741-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Probation Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107482433","display_name":"Chris Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1931-2058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1931-2058","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1153-7636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081921313","display_name":"Kevin Albertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-5590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-5590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Albertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107482433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93034365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"355","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14464","display_name":"Community Development and Social Impact","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment-by-results","display_name":"payment by results","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-impact-bonds","display_name":"social impact bonds","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-system","display_name":"criminal justice system","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-policy","display_name":"evidence-based policy","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaming","display_name":"gaming","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome-measurement","display_name":"outcome measurement","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-benefits","display_name":"fiscal benefits","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/justice-reinvestment","display_name":"justice reinvestment","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"personalization","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-funding","display_name":"public sector financing","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.8007830381393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781332184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7156780","display_name":"Payment by Results","level":2,"score":0.7541346549987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6876318454742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.6305067539215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.600066602230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5748896598815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5726221799850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.5565177202224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5118840932846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165347436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514547","display_name":"Project commissioning","level":3,"score":0.49557340145111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.430692583322525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3830384910106659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3465408682823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.32337260246276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2684054970741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2666003704071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.2556838095188141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2251451313495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.20176085829734802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1157437264919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08515289425849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0264550512458473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550512458473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0264550512458473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98320179","display_name":"Probation Journal","issn_l":"0264-5505","issn":["0264-5505","1741-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Probation Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51479903","https://openalex.org/W76624970","https://openalex.org/W171565453","https://openalex.org/W1516963428","https://openalex.org/W1974678360","https://openalex.org/W1990636859","https://openalex.org/W2051276129","https://openalex.org/W2139275015","https://openalex.org/W2151939246","https://openalex.org/W2188986395","https://openalex.org/W2297382272","https://openalex.org/W2563244019","https://openalex.org/W4234997165","https://openalex.org/W4235278831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151939246","https://openalex.org/W1546759497","https://openalex.org/W2609032685","https://openalex.org/W7000754766","https://openalex.org/W1848227406","https://openalex.org/W2042587643","https://openalex.org/W2792462059","https://openalex.org/W4312345078","https://openalex.org/W1508307634","https://openalex.org/W2892986709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years":[2],"the":[3,15,29,38,46,55,70,80,89,100,119,138],"UK":[4,81],"government":[5,30],"has":[6,21,127],"emphasized":[7],"evidence-based":[8],"policy,":[9],"as":[10,63,149],"a":[11,33,114,128,150],"part":[12],"of":[13,35,40,58,73,102,116,121,154,158],"which":[14],"Payment":[16,25],"by":[17,26,162],"Results":[18,27],"(PbR)":[19],"approach":[20],"increasingly":[22],"been":[23],"promoted.":[24],"allows":[28],"to":[31,52,99,118,142,147,166],"pay":[32],"provider":[34],"services":[36],"on":[37,88],"basis":[39],"specified":[41],"outcomes":[42,106],"achieved":[43],"rather":[44],"than":[45],"inputs":[47],"or":[48],"outputs":[49],"delivered.":[50],"Linked":[51],"PbR":[53,74,126],"is":[54,140],"innovative":[56],"source":[57],"funding":[59],"social":[60],"interventions":[61],"know":[62],"Social":[64],"Impact":[65],"Bonds":[66],"(SIBs).":[67],"We":[68,111,123,160],"discuss":[69],"potential":[71],"benefits":[72],"and":[75,107,145,170],"survey":[76],"its":[77,135],"use":[78],"across":[79],"public":[82],"sector.":[83],"Then,":[84],"concentrating":[85],"in":[86,130,137],"particular":[87],"Criminal":[90],"Justice":[91],"System":[92],"(CJS)":[93],"we":[94],"outline":[95],"three":[96],"methodological":[97],"challenges":[98,117],"implementation":[101,120],"PbR:":[103,167],"gaming,":[104],"measuring":[105],"identifying":[108],"fiscal":[109],"benefits.":[110],"then":[112],"identify":[113],"number":[115],"PbR.":[122],"conclude":[124],"that":[125,134],"place":[129],"commissioning":[131],"services,":[132],"but":[133],"role":[136],"CJS":[139],"likely":[141],"be":[143],"limited":[144],"unlikely":[146],"succeed":[148],"socially":[151],"efficient":[152],"means":[153],"attracting":[155],"new":[156],"sources":[157],"funding.":[159],"finish":[161],"considering":[163],"two":[164],"alternatives":[165],"justice":[168],"reinvestment":[169],"personalization.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}