{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167863574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212441590","title":"Educational Achievement Gaps between Immigrant and Native Students in Two \u201cNew\u201d Immigration Countries","display_name":"Educational Achievement Gaps between Immigrant and Native Students in Two \u201cNew\u201d Immigration Countries","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167863574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212441590","mag":"2167863574","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23493944","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3595313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0002716212441590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212441590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212441590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150314616","display_name":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","issn_l":"0002-7162","issn":["0002-7162","1552-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3595313","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075007069","display_name":"Davide Azzolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-3419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-3419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["AT","IT","NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Azzolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Davide Azzolini is a doctoral student at the School of Social Sciences, University of Trento. His research focuses on inequality in educational opportunity and the educational achievement gaps between children of immigrants and natives","Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam,","Office of Population Research, Princeton University","School of Social Sciences, University of Trento, Via Verdi 26, 38122, Trento, Italy;","School of Social Sciences, University of Trento","sociology department of the University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Davide Azzolini is a doctoral student at the School of Social Sciences, University of Trento. His research focuses on inequality in educational opportunity and the educational achievement gaps between children of immigrants and natives","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Population Research, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of Trento, Via Verdi 26, 38122, Trento, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"sociology department of the University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084996927","display_name":"Philipp Schnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-9436","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-9436"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["AT","IT","NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Schnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philipp Schnell is a doctoral student at the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, and a research associate at the sociology department of the University of Vienna. His research focuses on sociology of education, ethnic educational inequalities and social mobility by children of immigrants in comparative perspective","Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam,","Office of Population Research, Princeton University","School of Social Sciences, University of Trento, Via Verdi 26, 38122, Trento, Italy;","School of Social Sciences, University of Trento","sociology department of the University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philipp Schnell is a doctoral student at the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, and a research associate at the sociology department of the University of Vienna. His research focuses on sociology of education, ethnic educational inequalities and social mobility by children of immigrants in comparative perspective","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Population Research, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of Trento, Via Verdi 26, 38122, Trento, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"sociology department of the University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069743066","display_name":"John R.B. Palmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-7860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-7860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["AT","IT","NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. B. Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Palmer is a doctoral student at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Office of Population Research, Princeton University. His research focuses on immigration, social segregation, and law","Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam,","Office of Population Research, Princeton University","School of Social Sciences, University of Trento, Via Verdi 26, 38122, Trento, Italy;","School of Social Sciences, University of Trento","sociology department of the University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Palmer is a doctoral student at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Office of Population Research, Princeton University. His research focuses on immigration, social segregation, and law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Population Research, Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of Trento, Via Verdi 26, 38122, Trento, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, University of Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"sociology department of the University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9893513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"643","issue":"1","first_page":"46","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13063","display_name":"Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees","score":0.6532999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13063","display_name":"Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees","score":0.6532999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.27079999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.028300000354647636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-students","display_name":"immigrant students","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-achievement-gap","display_name":"educational achievement gap","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-children","display_name":"immigrant children","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italy","display_name":"Italy","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pisa-2009","display_name":"PISA 2009","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-and-mathematics-achievement","display_name":"reading and mathematics achievement","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-spoken-at-home","display_name":"language spoken at home","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-background","display_name":"socioeconomic background","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-tracking","display_name":"educational tracking","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-ownership","display_name":"school ownership","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.9097728133201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7558989524841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5997898578643799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81369262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531","display_name":"Achievement test","level":3,"score":0.5383269786834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5301583409309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5125532150268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.4795239269733429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.4751151502132416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.46342599391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3616454303264618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3449132442474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33969736099243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.30292245745658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28245627880096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.239210307598114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2364410161972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16140204668045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.13742896914482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.11935725808143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09470924735069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0002716212441590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212441590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212441590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150314616","display_name":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","issn_l":"0002-7162","issn":["0002-7162","1552-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23493944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23493944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2594363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3595313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3595313","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3595313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:anname:v:643:y:2012:i:1:p:46-77","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002716212441590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/92854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/92854","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2594363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3595313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.899399995803833,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3702182775","display_name":"Infrastructure for Population Research","funder_award_id":"R24HD047879","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G535273061","display_name":"Demography","funder_award_id":"T32HD007163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000043434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R24-HD047879","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W629665002","https://openalex.org/W1495524096","https://openalex.org/W1525261266","https://openalex.org/W1540140586","https://openalex.org/W1550939017","https://openalex.org/W1551662120","https://openalex.org/W1563653583","https://openalex.org/W1575402262","https://openalex.org/W1581128292","https://openalex.org/W1595011983","https://openalex.org/W1608760034","https://openalex.org/W1724055292","https://openalex.org/W1822990866","https://openalex.org/W1832048430","https://openalex.org/W1935098929","https://openalex.org/W1967487621","https://openalex.org/W1969679150","https://openalex.org/W1973348969","https://openalex.org/W1973420336","https://openalex.org/W1979348641","https://openalex.org/W2000678723","https://openalex.org/W2042012386","https://openalex.org/W2062262683","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2106916353","https://openalex.org/W2111870351","https://openalex.org/W2114596126","https://openalex.org/W2119538357","https://openalex.org/W2121909644","https://openalex.org/W2137265810","https://openalex.org/W2138308570","https://openalex.org/W2144668463","https://openalex.org/W2146016148","https://openalex.org/W2150699479","https://openalex.org/W2151097936","https://openalex.org/W2156207201","https://openalex.org/W2160015344","https://openalex.org/W2169894235","https://openalex.org/W2237705883","https://openalex.org/W3121170473","https://openalex.org/W3122507295","https://openalex.org/W3124283894","https://openalex.org/W3127486230","https://openalex.org/W4213238220","https://openalex.org/W4241231043","https://openalex.org/W4242058396","https://openalex.org/W4244589411","https://openalex.org/W4247140771","https://openalex.org/W4302973075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581128292","https://openalex.org/W4409373395","https://openalex.org/W2137995994","https://openalex.org/W4401028861","https://openalex.org/W1533379980","https://openalex.org/W7047643034","https://openalex.org/W7000069158","https://openalex.org/W2040630341","https://openalex.org/W7118997707","https://openalex.org/W2152343693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"use":[1],"PISA":[2],"2009":[3],"data":[4],"to":[5,37,52,78,97],"determine":[6],"how":[7],"immigrant":[8,64],"children":[9],"in":[10,18,29,68,102,116,123,128,136],"Italy":[11,124,137],"and":[12,20,43,62,74,125],"Spain":[13],"compare":[14],"with":[15,114,142],"native":[16],"students":[17,65],"reading":[19],"mathematics":[21],"skills.":[22],"Drawing":[23],"on":[24],"the":[25,35,39,79,94,103],"vast":[26],"empirical":[27],"literature":[28],"traditional":[30],"immigration":[31,55],"countries,":[32,105],"we":[33],"test":[34,144],"extent":[36,101],"which":[38],"most":[40],"well-established":[41],"patterns":[42],"hypotheses":[44],"of":[45,81],"immigrant/native":[46,133],"educational":[47],"achievement":[48,82,115],"gaps":[49,96],"also":[50],"apply":[51],"these":[53],"new":[54],"countries.":[56,70,88],"Findings":[57],"show":[58],"that":[59],"both":[60,69],"first-":[61],"second-generation":[63],"underperform":[66],"natives":[67],"Although":[71],"socioeconomic":[72,91],"background":[73,92],"language":[75,106],"skills":[76],"contribute":[77],"explanation":[80],"gaps,":[83,134],"significant":[84],"differences":[85],"remain":[86],"within":[87],"While":[89],"modeling":[90],"reduces":[93],"observed":[95],"a":[98],"very":[99],"similar":[100],"two":[104],"spoken":[107],"at":[108],"home":[109],"is":[110,139],"more":[111],"strongly":[112,140],"associated":[113,141],"Italy.":[117],"School-type":[118],"differentiation,":[119],"such":[120],"as":[121],"tracking":[122,138],"school":[126],"ownership":[127],"Spain,":[129],"do":[130],"not":[131],"reduce":[132],"although":[135],"students'":[143],"scores.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}