{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167809385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","title":"Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome","display_name":"Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167809385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","mag":"2167809385","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26509577","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4624979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137496&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137496&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069530195","display_name":"Rowena M. A. Packer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-9828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9988-9828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133836048","display_name":"Royal Veterinary College","ror":"https://ror.org/01wka8n18","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rowena M. A. Packer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040555630","display_name":"Anke Hendricks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-367X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-367X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133836048","display_name":"Royal Veterinary College","ror":"https://ror.org/01wka8n18","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anke Hendricks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073789636","display_name":"Mickey Tivers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-9334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-9334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Tivers","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033741792","display_name":"Charlotte C. Burn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-8610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-8610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133836048","display_name":"Royal Veterinary College","ror":"https://ror.org/01wka8n18","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte C. Burn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133836048"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033741792","https://openalex.org/A5040555630","https://openalex.org/A5069530195","https://openalex.org/A5073789636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133836048","https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":16.8296,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99594889,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"e0137496","last_page":"e0137496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.8217999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.8217999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11580","display_name":"Veterinary Medicine and Surgery","score":0.12139999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10830","display_name":"Airway Management and Intubation Techniques","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachycephalic-obstructive-airway-syndrome","display_name":"brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachycephaly","display_name":"brachycephaly","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dog-breed-standards","display_name":"dog breed standards","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-girth","display_name":"neck girth","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canine-respiratory-disease","display_name":"canine respiratory disease","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-breeding","display_name":"selective breeding","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dog-breeding","display_name":"dog breeding","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulldogs","display_name":"bulldogs","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pug","display_name":"Pug","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/french-bulldog","display_name":"French bulldog","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42649","display_name":"Brachycephaly","level":3,"score":0.8785023093223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5374339818954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38829","display_name":"Breed","level":2,"score":0.4777999520301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70749424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2431958","display_name":"Animal sexual behaviour","level":3,"score":0.436212956905365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4344973862171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.326070636510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27647435665130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2740452289581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.24073711037635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779300802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13147","display_name":"Skull","level":2,"score":0.21607014536857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20144936442375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10782620310783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000402","descriptor_name":"Airway Obstruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000402","descriptor_name":"Airway Obstruction","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001947","descriptor_name":"Breeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003398","descriptor_name":"Craniosynostoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004283","descriptor_name":"Dog Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004285","descriptor_name":"Dogs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013577","descriptor_name":"Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137496&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3610938","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4624979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26509577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26509577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/cb540fd7-2835-4055-84cb-bfd0b78b5b71","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/cb540fd7-2835-4055-84cb-bfd0b78b5b71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Packer, R M A, Hendricks, A, Tivers, M & Burn, C C 2015, 'Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health : Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome', PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 10, e0137496. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.rvc.ac.uk:9643","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9643/1/9643.pdf","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9643/1/9643.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402069","display_name":"RVC Research Online (Royal Veterinary College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133836048","host_organization_name":"Royal Veterinary College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133836048"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.787.4670","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.787.4670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/0c/39/pone.0137496.PMC4624979.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57bb1613bb644bbfb2487a42b397bea0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57bb1613bb644bbfb2487a42b397bea0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 10, p e0137496 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/1587858","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/_Impact_of_Facial_Conformation_on_Canine_Health_Brachycephalic_Obstructive_Airway_Syndrome_/1587858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/cb540fd7-2835-4055-84cb-bfd0b78b5b71","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/cb540fd7-2835-4055-84cb-bfd0b78b5b71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Packer, R M A, Hendricks, A, Tivers, M & Burn, C C 2015, 'Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health : Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome', PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 10, e0137496. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137496","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137496&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320271","display_name":"Universities Federation for Animal Welfare","ror":"https://ror.org/00qy2eq52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331281","display_name":"Dogs Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/03nfnrd41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333771","display_name":"Royal Veterinary College","ror":"https://ror.org/01wka8n18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167809385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167809385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99147693","https://openalex.org/W560775654","https://openalex.org/W1498071154","https://openalex.org/W1512341970","https://openalex.org/W1600776232","https://openalex.org/W1708758724","https://openalex.org/W1861542213","https://openalex.org/W1933280692","https://openalex.org/W1962837373","https://openalex.org/W1972002859","https://openalex.org/W1972175274","https://openalex.org/W1978326818","https://openalex.org/W1981691121","https://openalex.org/W1992051589","https://openalex.org/W1993771802","https://openalex.org/W1993901957","https://openalex.org/W1997516152","https://openalex.org/W2006831816","https://openalex.org/W2014860976","https://openalex.org/W2015723372","https://openalex.org/W2018212722","https://openalex.org/W2018700737","https://openalex.org/W2021926661","https://openalex.org/W2024000143","https://openalex.org/W2031704033","https://openalex.org/W2035268284","https://openalex.org/W2044442390","https://openalex.org/W2064486084","https://openalex.org/W2064616510","https://openalex.org/W2066305448","https://openalex.org/W2083035875","https://openalex.org/W2084151962","https://openalex.org/W2090759227","https://openalex.org/W2091425017","https://openalex.org/W2109085179","https://openalex.org/W2134548334","https://openalex.org/W2139816676","https://openalex.org/W2140960450","https://openalex.org/W2143573152","https://openalex.org/W2146301144","https://openalex.org/W2146482939","https://openalex.org/W2160746213","https://openalex.org/W2161217181","https://openalex.org/W2161724297","https://openalex.org/W2162659138","https://openalex.org/W2163276708","https://openalex.org/W2168321131","https://openalex.org/W2169247063","https://openalex.org/W2172623430","https://openalex.org/W2328313433","https://openalex.org/W2419630737","https://openalex.org/W2549055047","https://openalex.org/W2597947258","https://openalex.org/W2941307081","https://openalex.org/W2941866229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095927195","https://openalex.org/W4302446403","https://openalex.org/W7130364259","https://openalex.org/W2740722812","https://openalex.org/W7202173880","https://openalex.org/W4415618848","https://openalex.org/W7221637331","https://openalex.org/W4405940351","https://openalex.org/W2981006236","https://openalex.org/W7051929278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"domestic":[1],"dog":[2,54,227],"may":[3],"be":[4,232],"the":[5,40,57,72,90,93,220,255],"most":[6],"morphologically":[7],"diverse":[8,126],"terrestrial":[9],"mammalian":[10],"species":[11],"known":[12],"to":[13,32,109,194,208],"man;":[14],"pedigree":[15],"dogs":[16,76,124,157],"are":[17,34],"artificially":[18],"selected":[19,49],"for":[20,50,111,180,205],"extreme":[21],"aesthetics":[22],"dictated":[23],"by":[24],"formal":[25],"Breed":[26],"Standards,":[27],"and":[28,36,60,80,128,130,184,190,229,240,254],"breed-related":[29],"disorders":[30],"linked":[31],"conformation":[33,250],"ubiquitous":[35],"diverse.":[37],"Brachycephaly--foreshortening":[38],"of":[39,92,122,125,135,212,234,247],"facial":[41],"skeleton--is":[42],"a":[43,132,145,177],"discrete":[44],"mutation":[45],"that":[46,139,203],"has":[47],"been":[48],"in":[51,117,144,156,174,188,214,251],"many":[52],"popular":[53],"breeds":[55,127],"e.g.":[56],"Bulldog,":[58],"Pug,":[59],"French":[61],"Bulldog.":[62],"A":[63],"chronic,":[64],"debilitating":[65],"respiratory":[66],"syndrome,":[67,94],"whereby":[68],"soft":[69],"tissue":[70],"blocks":[71],"airways,":[73],"predominantly":[74],"affects":[75],"with":[77,100,216],"this":[78,235,248],"conformation,":[79],"thus":[81],"is":[82,102],"labelled":[83],"Brachycephalic":[84],"Obstructive":[85],"Airway":[86],"Syndrome":[87],"(BOAS).":[88],"Despite":[89],"name":[91],"scientific":[95],"evidence":[96,202],"quantitatively":[97],"linking":[98],"brachycephaly":[99,206],"BOAS":[101,140,153,172,197,213],"lacking,":[103],"but":[104],"it":[105],"could":[106],"aid":[107],"efforts":[108],"select":[110],"healthier":[112],"conformations.":[113],"Here":[114],"we":[115],"show,":[116],"(1)":[118],"an":[119,209],"exploratory":[120],"study":[121,134,200],"700":[123],"conformations,":[129],"(2)":[131],"confirmatory":[133],"154":[136],"brachycephalic":[137],"dogs,":[138,215,239],"risk":[141,173,178,211,217,236],"increases":[142],"sharply":[143],"non-linear":[146],"manner":[147],"as":[148,219],"relative":[149],"muzzle":[150],"length":[151],"shortens.":[152],"only":[154],"occurred":[155],"whose":[158],"muzzles":[159],"comprised":[160],"less":[161],"than":[162],"half":[163],"their":[164],"cranial":[165],"lengths.":[166],"Thicker":[167],"neck":[168],"girths":[169],"also":[170],"increased":[171,210],"both":[175],"populations:":[176],"factor":[179],"human":[181],"sleep":[182],"apnoea":[183],"not":[185],"previously":[186],"realised":[187],"dogs;":[189],"obesity":[191],"was":[192],"found":[193],"further":[195],"increase":[196],"risk.":[198],"This":[199],"provides":[201],"breeding":[204,241],"leads":[207],"increasing":[218],"morphology":[221],"becomes":[222],"more":[223],"exaggerated.":[224],"As":[225],"such,":[226],"breeders":[228],"buyers":[230],"should":[231,243],"aware":[233],"when":[237],"selecting":[238],"organisations":[242],"actively":[244],"discourage":[245],"exaggeration":[246],"high-risk":[249],"breed":[252],"standards":[253],"show":[256],"ring.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}